virka
Faroese
Verb
virka (third person singular past indicative virkaði, third person plural past indicative virkað, supine virkað)
Conjugation
Conjugation of virka (group v-30) | ||
---|---|---|
infinitive | virka | |
supine | virkað | |
participle (a6)1 | virkandi | virkaður |
present | past | |
first singular | virki | virkaði |
second singular | virkar | virkaði |
third singular | virkar | virkaði |
plural | virka | virkaðu |
imperative | ||
singular | virka! | |
plural | virkið! | |
1Only the past participle being declined. |
Finnish
Etymology 1
Probably borrowed from Old Swedish virke, with possible influence from Etymology 2 with which it has been equated in the past.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈʋirkɑ/, [ˈʋirkɑ̝]
- Rhymes: -irkɑ
- Syllabification(key): vir‧ka
Noun
virka
- post, position, office, public office (public sector work)
- olla virassa / hoitaa virkaa ― to hold an office
- astua virkaan ― to assume one's office/post/responsibilities/duties, to be inaugurated/installed/inducted into office
- asettaa virkaan ― to inaugurate into office, install into office, induct into office
- purpose, point, function
Declension
Inflection of virka (Kotus type 9*D/kala, k-∅ gradation) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
nominative | virka | virat | ||
genitive | viran | virkojen | ||
partitive | virkaa | virkoja | ||
illative | virkaan | virkoihin | ||
singular | plural | |||
nominative | virka | virat | ||
accusative | nom. | virka | virat | |
gen. | viran | |||
genitive | viran | virkojen virkainrare | ||
partitive | virkaa | virkoja | ||
inessive | virassa | viroissa | ||
elative | virasta | viroista | ||
illative | virkaan | virkoihin | ||
adessive | viralla | viroilla | ||
ablative | viralta | viroilta | ||
allative | viralle | viroille | ||
essive | virkana | virkoina | ||
translative | viraksi | viroiksi | ||
abessive | viratta | viroitta | ||
instructive | — | viroin | ||
comitative | See the possessive forms below. |
Possessive forms of virka (Kotus type 9*D/kala, k-∅ gradation) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Derived terms
compounds
- koiranvirka
- kunniavirka
- laiskanvirka
- lääkärinvirka
- ministerinvirka
- opettajanvirka
- opetusvirka
- pakastevirka
- papinvirka
- pappisvirka
- piispanvirka
- presidentinvirka
- professorinvirka
- sihteerinvirka
- sivuvirka
- sotilasvirka
- tuomarinvirka
- tutkijanvirka
- viraltapano
- viranhaku
- viranhakupaperi
- viranhaltija
- viranhoitaja
- viranomainen
- viranomaistehtävä
- viranomaistoimi
- viransijainen
- viransijaisuus
- virantoimitus
- virantäyttö
- virassaoloaika
- virkaa toimittava
- virka-aika
- virkaanasettajaiset
- virkaanastujaisesitelmä
- virkaanastujaiset
- virkaanastujaispuhe
- virka-ansiomerkki
- virka-apu
- virka-arvo
- virka-asema
- virka-asia
- virka-asteikko
- virka-asu
- virka-asunto
- virkaatoimittava
- virkaehto
- virkaehtosopimus
- virkaeläke
- virkaero
- virkaheitto
- virkahuone
- virkaikä
- virkainto
- virkaintoinen
- virkaintoisesti
- virkakausi
- virkakieli
- virkakielto
- virkakieltojärjestelmä
- virkakoneisto
- virkalakki
- virkaleima
- virkamatka
- virkamerkki
- virkamiehistö
- virkamies
- virkamieshallitus
- virkamiesjärjestö
- virkamieskunta
- virkamieslakko
- virkamiesmäinen
- virkanainen
- virkanimike
- virkanimitys
- virkapuhelu
- virkapuku
- virkapukuinen
- virkarakenne
- virkarikos
- virkasalaisuus
- virkasisar
- virkasuhde
- virkasuhteinen
- virkasyyte
- virkasääntö
- virkatalo
- virkatehtävä
- virkateitse
- virkatie
- virkatodistus
- virkatoimenpide
- virkatoimi
- virkatoveri
- virkatutkinto
- virkatyö
- virkaura
- virkavakuutus
- virkavala
- virkavalta
- virkavaltainen
- virkavaltaisesti
- virkavaltaisuus
- virkavapaa
- virkavapaus
- virkavastuu
- virkaveli
- virkavelvollisuus
- virkavirhe
- virkavuosi
- virkaylennys
- yliopistovirka
Further reading
- “virka”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-01
Etymology 2
From Proto-Finnic *virka, borrowed from Proto-Baltic [Term?] (compare Latvian verdze).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈʋirkɑ/, [ˈʋirkɑ̝]
- Rhymes: -irkɑ
- Syllabification(key): vir‧ka
Declension
Inflection of virka (Kotus type 9*D/kala, k-∅ gradation) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
nominative | virka | virat | ||
genitive | viran | virkojen | ||
partitive | virkaa | virkoja | ||
illative | virkaan | virkoihin | ||
singular | plural | |||
nominative | virka | virat | ||
accusative | nom. | virka | virat | |
gen. | viran | |||
genitive | viran | virkojen virkainrare | ||
partitive | virkaa | virkoja | ||
inessive | virassa | viroissa | ||
elative | virasta | viroista | ||
illative | virkaan | virkoihin | ||
adessive | viralla | viroilla | ||
ablative | viralta | viroilta | ||
allative | viralle | viroille | ||
essive | virkana | virkoina | ||
translative | viraksi | viroiksi | ||
abessive | viratta | viroitta | ||
instructive | — | viroin | ||
comitative | See the possessive forms below. |
Possessive forms of virka (Kotus type 9*D/kala, k-∅ gradation) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈʋirkɑˣ/, [ˈʋirkɑ̝(ʔ)]
- Rhymes: -irkɑ
- Syllabification(key): vir‧ka
Verb
virka
- inflection of virkkaa:
- present active indicative connegative
- second-person singular present imperative
- second-person singular present active imperative connegative
Anagrams
Icelandic
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈvɪr̥ka/
- Rhymes: -ɪr̥ka
Verb
virka (weak verb, third-person singular past indicative virkaði, supine virkað)
Conjugation
virka — active voice (germynd)
infinitive (nafnháttur) |
að virka | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
supine (sagnbót) |
virkað | ||||
present participle (lýsingarháttur nútíðar) |
virkandi | ||||
indicative (framsöguháttur) |
subjunctive (viðtengingarháttur) | ||||
present (nútíð) |
ég virka | við virkum | present (nútíð) |
ég virki | við virkum |
þú virkar | þið virkið | þú virkir | þið virkið | ||
hann, hún, það virkar | þeir, þær, þau virka | hann, hún, það virki | þeir, þær, þau virki | ||
past (þátíð) |
ég virkaði | við virkuðum | past (þátíð) |
ég virkaði | við virkuðum |
þú virkaðir | þið virkuðuð | þú virkaðir | þið virkuðuð | ||
hann, hún, það virkaði | þeir, þær, þau virkuðu | hann, hún, það virkaði | þeir, þær, þau virkuðu | ||
imperative (boðháttur) |
virka (þú) | virkið (þið) | |||
Forms with appended personal pronoun | |||||
virkaðu | virkiði * | ||||
* Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred. |
Derived terms
- virkni (“activity, action, function”)
Ingrian
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *virka. Cognates include Finnish virka and dialectal Estonian virg.
Pronunciation
- (Ala-Laukaa) IPA(key): /ˈʋirkɑ/, [ˈʋirk]
- (Soikkola) IPA(key): /ˈʋirkɑ/, [ˈʋirɡ̊ɑ]
- Rhymes: -irk, -irkɑ
- Hyphenation: vir‧ka
Declension
Declension of virka (type 3/kana, k- gradation) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | virka | virat |
genitive | viran | virkoin |
partitive | virkaa | virkoja |
illative | virkaa | virkoi |
inessive | viras | virois |
elative | virast | viroist |
allative | viralle | viroille |
adessive | viral | viroil |
ablative | viralt | viroilt |
translative | viraks | viroiks |
essive | virkanna, virkaan | virkoinna, virkoin |
exessive1) | virkant | virkoint |
1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive. |
References
- Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 669
Norwegian Bokmål
Alternative forms
Swedish
Etymology
From Old Norse virkja, from Proto-Germanic *wirkijaną.
Conjugation
Conjugation of virka (weak)
Active | Passive | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Infinitive | virka | virkas | ||
Supine | virkat | virkats | ||
Imperative | virka | — | ||
Imper. plural1 | virken | — | ||
Present | Past | Present | Past | |
Indicative | virkar | virkade | virkas | virkades |
Ind. plural1 | virka | virkade | virkas | virkades |
Subjunctive2 | virke | virkade | virkes | virkades |
Participles | ||||
Present participle | virkande | |||
Past participle | virkad | |||
1 Archaic. 2 Dated. See the appendix on Swedish verbs. |
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