vadelma
Finnish
Etymology
First attested as faderma in 1637 (Schroderus; modern spelling vaderma, which is itself attested later); -lm- is first attested (as fadelma) in 1786 (Ganander) and could be by influence from words like hedelmä as well as the metathesis valerma > varelma. The -e- is likely secondary, as the word, through older *vadarma, can be connected with Proto-Finnic *vabarna; the *-d- is by influence with vatukka and may have further been reinforced by the loss of *b (as is the form *vagarma seen in Karelian vakarmo, possibly by analogy with words like *pagaccama → paatsama).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈʋɑdelmɑ/, [ˈʋɑ̝de̞lmɑ̝]
- Rhymes: -ɑdelmɑ
- Syllabification(key): va‧del‧ma
Declension
| Inflection of vadelma (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | vadelma | vadelmat | ||
| genitive | vadelman | vadelmien | ||
| partitive | vadelmaa | vadelmia | ||
| illative | vadelmaan | vadelmiin | ||
| singular | plural | |||
| nominative | vadelma | vadelmat | ||
| accusative | nom. | vadelma | vadelmat | |
| gen. | vadelman | |||
| genitive | vadelman | vadelmien vadelmainrare | ||
| partitive | vadelmaa | vadelmia | ||
| inessive | vadelmassa | vadelmissa | ||
| elative | vadelmasta | vadelmista | ||
| illative | vadelmaan | vadelmiin | ||
| adessive | vadelmalla | vadelmilla | ||
| ablative | vadelmalta | vadelmilta | ||
| allative | vadelmalle | vadelmille | ||
| essive | vadelmana | vadelmina | ||
| translative | vadelmaksi | vadelmiksi | ||
| abessive | vadelmatta | vadelmitta | ||
| instructive | — | vadelmin | ||
| comitative | See the possessive forms below. | |||
| Possessive forms of vadelma (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Derived terms
compounds
Further reading
- “vadelma”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-04
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