vēls

See also: vels and VELS

Latvian

Etymology

Most authors derive vēls from Proto-Baltic *wēlus, an u-stem noun derived from Proto-Indo-European *wel- (to turn, to roll) (whence also the verb velt “to trundle”, q.v.). The semantic evolution of the verb stem would go from “turning, rolling” to “delaying” (cf. vilcināt), so that the derived form vēls would originally mean “delayed”, and then “overdue,” “late.” Cognates include Latvian dialectal vēļš (< *vēlis) and Lithuanian vėlùs.[1]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [væ̂ls]

Adjective

vēls (definite vēlais, comparative vēlāks, superlative visvēlākais, adverb vēlu)

  1. late (approaching the end of a certain time period)
    vēla pēcpusdienalate afternoon
    vēls vakarslate evening
    strādāt līdz vēlai naktijto work till late at night
    vēlais dzelzs laikmetsthe late Iron Age
    vēlā paleolīta beigāsat the end of the late Paleolithic
    ir jau klāt rudens, pats vēlais rudens, kad dārzā vairs nav nevienas lapas un visi lauku darbi apdarītiit is already autumn, even late autumn, when there no longer are any leaves in the garden and all farm work is done
    pie profesionālas mūziķa darbības P. Jurjāns nonāca vēluP. Jurjāns came late (in life) to professional music activity
  2. late (approaching nighttime)
    ir jau vēlsit is late
    iet gulēt vēluto go to bed late
    man nu jāiet, ir jau vēls un tumšsI have to go, it is already late and dark
  3. late, delayed, belated (after the normal, expected or natural time; after the others)
    šogad vēls rudensthis year (has) a late, belated autumn
    atnākt pār vēluto come too late
    vēls viesisa late guest
    viņa vēlākie piedzīvojumihis later adventures
    aizbraukt ar vēlo vilcienuto go with a late, delayed train
  4. late, tardy (which blooms later than others) (of plants)
    vēlie kartupeļilate potatoes
    ievēroju, ka liepas, vēlie jasmīni un rudzi jau noziedējušiI noticed that the limes, the late jasmins and the rye are already blooming
  5. late (slow; wrongly showing an earlier time because of some defect) (of clocks)
    vēls, vēlāks pulkstenisa late clock

Declension

Antonyms

Derived terms

  • agri vai vēlu
  • vēlīns

References

  1. Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “vēls”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN
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