ulang
Bikol Central
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qelaŋ.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ʔuˈlaŋ/, [ʔuˈl̪aŋ]
- Hyphenation: u‧lang
Cebuano
Alternative forms
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qudaŋ, compare Malay udang.
Pronunciation
- Hyphenation: u‧lang
- IPA(key): /ʔuˈlaŋ/, [ʔʊˈl̪aŋ]
Indonesian
Etymology
From Malay ulang, from Classical Malay ulang, from Proto-Malayic *ulaŋ, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *ulaŋ, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *ulaŋ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ulaŋ, from Proto-Austronesian *ulaŋ.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈulaŋ]
- Hyphenation: ulang
Conjugation
Conjugation of ulang (meng-, intransitive) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Root | ulang | ||||
Active | Involuntary / Perfective |
Passive | Basic / Imperative |
Jussive | |
Active | mengulang | terulang | diulang | ulang | ulanglah |
Locative | mengulangi | terulangi | diulangi | ulangi | ulangilah |
Causative / Applicative1 | mengulangkan | terulangkan | diulangkan | ulangkan | ulangkanlah |
Causative | |||||
Active | memperulang | terperulang | diperulang | perulang | perulanglah |
Locative | memperulangi | terperulangi | diperulangi | perulangi | perulangilah |
Causative / Applicative1 | memperulangkan | terperulangkan | diperulangkan | perulangkan | perulangkanlah |
1The -kan row is either causative or applicative, with transitive roots it mostly has applicative meaning. Notes: Some of these forms do normally not exist or are rarely used in standard Indonesian. Some forms may also change meaning. |
Derived terms
Regular affixed derivations:
- berulang [stative / habitual] (beR-)
- mengulang [agent focus] (meN-)
- mengulangi [agent focus + causative (locative) benefactive] (meN- + -i)
- pengulang [agentive / qualitative / instrumental / abstract / measure] (peN-)
- pengulangan [agentive / qualitative / instrumental / abstract / measure + resultative / locative / collective / variety / verbal noun / fruit] (peN- + -an)
- perulang [causative passive] (peR-)
- seulang [immediacy / habitual] (se-)
- terulang [agentless action] (teR-)
- ulangan [resultative / locative / collective / variety / verbal noun / fruit] (-an)
- ulang-ulang [reduplication] (redup)
Further reading
- “ulang” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
Maguindanao
Malay
Etymology
From Proto-Malayic *ulaŋ, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *ulaŋ, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *ulaŋ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ulaŋ, from Proto-Austronesian *ulaŋ.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ulaŋ/
- Rhymes: -laŋ, -aŋ
Affixations
- berulang
- berulang-ulang
- keberulangan
- mengulang
- mengulangi
- pengulang
- pengulangan
- perulangan
- seulang
- terulang
- ulang-alik
- ulang-ulang
- ulangan
Compounds
- cetak ulang
- ulang bicara
- ulang tahun
Descendants
- Indonesian: ulang
- → Kambera: ulangu
Further reading
- “ulang” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.
- Blust, Robert, Trussel, Stephen (2010–) “*ulaŋ”, in The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary
Tagalog
Etymology
From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qudaŋ (cf. Chamorro uhang, Hawaiian ula, Hiligaynon urang, Ilocano udang, Javanese ꦲꦸꦫꦁ (urang), Malay udang, Maranao odang), from Proto-Austronesian *qudaŋ (cf. Paiwan quzang).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ʔuˈlaŋ/, [ʔʊˈlaŋ]
- Hyphenation: u‧lang
Derived terms
- matang-ulang
Tausug
Waray-Waray
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qelaŋ.