toipua
Finnish
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *toipudak. Cognate with Estonian toibuma.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈtoi̯puɑˣ/, [ˈt̪o̞i̯puɑ̝(ʔ)]
- Rhymes: -oipuɑ
- Syllabification(key): toi‧pu‧a
Verb
toipua
- (intransitive) to recover, recuperate, convalesce
- Kuningas loukkaantui ja on toipumassa vuoteessaan.
- The king was injured and is recovering in his bed.
Conjugation
| Inflection of toipua (Kotus type 52*E/sanoa, p-v gradation) | |||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| indicative mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
| present tense | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st sing. | toivun | en toivu | 1st sing. | olen toipunut | en ole toipunut | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd sing. | toivut | et toivu | 2nd sing. | olet toipunut | et ole toipunut | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd sing. | toipuu | ei toivu | 3rd sing. | on toipunut | ei ole toipunut | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st plur. | toivumme | emme toivu | 1st plur. | olemme toipuneet | emme ole toipuneet | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd plur. | toivutte | ette toivu | 2nd plur. | olette toipuneet | ette ole toipuneet | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd plur. | toipuvat | eivät toivu | 3rd plur. | ovat toipuneet | eivät ole toipuneet | ||||||||||||||||
| passive | toivutaan | ei toivuta | passive | on toivuttu | ei ole toivuttu | ||||||||||||||||
| past tense | pluperfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st sing. | toivuin | en toipunut | 1st sing. | olin toipunut | en ollut toipunut | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd sing. | toivuit | et toipunut | 2nd sing. | olit toipunut | et ollut toipunut | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd sing. | toipui | ei toipunut | 3rd sing. | oli toipunut | ei ollut toipunut | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st plur. | toivuimme | emme toipuneet | 1st plur. | olimme toipuneet | emme olleet toipuneet | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd plur. | toivuitte | ette toipuneet | 2nd plur. | olitte toipuneet | ette olleet toipuneet | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd plur. | toipuivat | eivät toipuneet | 3rd plur. | olivat toipuneet | eivät olleet toipuneet | ||||||||||||||||
| passive | toivuttiin | ei toivuttu | passive | oli toivuttu | ei ollut toivuttu | ||||||||||||||||
| conditional mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st sing. | toipuisin | en toipuisi | 1st sing. | olisin toipunut | en olisi toipunut | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd sing. | toipuisit | et toipuisi | 2nd sing. | olisit toipunut | et olisi toipunut | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd sing. | toipuisi | ei toipuisi | 3rd sing. | olisi toipunut | ei olisi toipunut | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st plur. | toipuisimme | emme toipuisi | 1st plur. | olisimme toipuneet | emme olisi toipuneet | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd plur. | toipuisitte | ette toipuisi | 2nd plur. | olisitte toipuneet | ette olisi toipuneet | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd plur. | toipuisivat | eivät toipuisi | 3rd plur. | olisivat toipuneet | eivät olisi toipuneet | ||||||||||||||||
| passive | toivuttaisiin | ei toivuttaisi | passive | olisi toivuttu | ei olisi toivuttu | ||||||||||||||||
| imperative mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st sing. | — | — | 1st sing. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd sing. | toivu | älä toivu | 2nd sing. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd sing. | toipukoon | älköön toipuko | 3rd sing. | olkoon toipunut | älköön olko toipunut | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st plur. | toipukaamme | älkäämme toipuko | 1st plur. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd plur. | toipukaa | älkää toipuko | 2nd plur. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd plur. | toipukoot | älkööt toipuko | 3rd plur. | olkoot toipuneet | älkööt olko toipuneet | ||||||||||||||||
| passive | toivuttakoon | älköön toivuttako | passive | olkoon toivuttu | älköön olko toivuttu | ||||||||||||||||
| potential mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st sing. | toipunen | en toipune | 1st sing. | lienen toipunut | en liene toipunut | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd sing. | toipunet | et toipune | 2nd sing. | lienet toipunut | et liene toipunut | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd sing. | toipunee | ei toipune | 3rd sing. | lienee toipunut | ei liene toipunut | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st plur. | toipunemme | emme toipune | 1st plur. | lienemme toipuneet | emme liene toipuneet | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd plur. | toipunette | ette toipune | 2nd plur. | lienette toipuneet | ette liene toipuneet | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd plur. | toipunevat | eivät toipune | 3rd plur. | lienevät toipuneet | eivät liene toipuneet | ||||||||||||||||
| passive | toivuttaneen | ei toivuttane | passive | lienee toivuttu | ei liene toivuttu | ||||||||||||||||
| Nominal forms | |||||||||||||||||||||
| infinitives | participles | ||||||||||||||||||||
| active | passive | active | passive | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1st | toipua | present | toipuva | toivuttava | |||||||||||||||||
| long 1st1 |
|
past | toipunut | toivuttu | |||||||||||||||||
| 2nd | inessive2 | toipuessa | toivuttaessa | agent3 | toipuma | ||||||||||||||||
|
negative | toipumaton | |||||||||||||||||||
| instructive | toipuen | — | 1) Used only with a possessive suffix. 2) Usually with a possessive suffix (active only). | ||||||||||||||||||
| 3rd | inessive | toipumassa | — | ||||||||||||||||||
| elative | toipumasta | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| illative | toipumaan | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| adessive | toipumalla | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| abessive | toipumatta | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| instructive | toipuman | toivuttaman | |||||||||||||||||||
| 4th4 | verbal noun | toipuminen | |||||||||||||||||||
| 5th1 |
| ||||||||||||||||||||
Derived terms
- nouns: toipilas, toipuminen
Further reading
- “toipua”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03
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