< Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic
Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/toipudak
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This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Finnic
Etymology
From *toi- + *-pudak. Akin to *toittadak (“to provide (for)”), which gave Estonian toitma (“to feed”), Livonian tuoitõ (“to provide (for)”) and Finnish toittaa (“(dialectal) to affect”).
No further etymology is known. Possibly also connected with *toimi, which has multiple theories. The root is also seemingly found in Finnish tointua (“to regain consciousness”), Ingrian tointaa (“to be worthwhile”) and Karelian tointaa (“id.”), but the final two may be derived from *toimi instead. In that case, they may have inspired affix substitution, resulting in a new family of words that can ultimately be traced back to *toimi.
Inflection
Inflection of *toipudak
| Note: The Proto-Finnic conjugation system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility. | ||||
| present | past | imperative | optative | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sing. | *toibun | *toibuin | — | *toipugon |
| 2nd sing. | *toibut | *toibuit | *toibuk | *toipugos |
| 3rd sing. | *toipubi *toipu |
*toipui | *toipugasën | *toipugosën |
| 1st plur. | *toibukmëk *toibukmak |
*toipuimëk *toipuimak |
*toipugatëmëk *toipugatamak |
*toipugotëmëk *toipugotamak |
| 2nd plur. | *toibuktëk *toibuktak |
*toipuidëk *toipuidak |
*toipugatë *toipugata |
*toipugot'ëk *toipugotadak |
| 3rd plur. | *toipubat *toipu |
*toipui | *toipugasën | *toipugosën |
| passive | *toibuksën *toibut'aksën |
*toipudisën *toibuttisën |
*toipudakahën *toibuttakahën |
*toipudakohën *toibuttakohën |
| connegative | *toibuk | — | *toipugak | *toipugok |
| passive connegative | *toibuktak | — | *toipudagak *toibuttagak |
*toipudagok *toibuttagok |
| conditional 1 | conditional 2 | potential | ||
| 1st sing. | *toibukcin | *toipuicin | *toipunën | |
| 2nd sing. | *toibukcit | *toipuicit | *toipunët | |
| 3rd sing. | *toibukci | *toipuici | *toipuni | |
| 1st plur. | *toibukcimëk *toibukcimak |
*toipuicimëk *toipuicimak |
*toipunëmëk *toipunëmak | |
| 2nd plur. | *toibukcidëk *toibukcidak |
*toipuicidëk *toipuicidak |
*toipunëdëk *toipunëdak | |
| 3rd plur. | *toibukci | *toipuici | *toipuni | |
| passive | *toipudakcihën *toibut'akcihën |
*toipudicihën *toibutticihën |
*toipudanëhën *toibuttanëhën | |
| connegative | *toibukcik | *toipuicik | *toipunëk | |
| passive connegative | *toipudakcik *toibut'akcik |
*toipudicik *toibutticik |
*toipudanëk *toibuttanëk | |
| non-finite forms | infinitives/nouns | participles | ||
| active | passive | |||
| infinitive 1 | *toipudak | present | *toipuba | *toipudapa *toibuttapa |
| infinitive 2 | *toipudë- | past | *toipunut | *toipudu *toibuttu |
| gerund/supine | *toipuma | |||
| action noun | *toipuminen | |||
Descendants
- Estonian: toibuma/toibuda
- Finnish: toipua
- Karelian: toipuo, toibuo
- Livvi: toibuo
- Ludian: toibduda
- Veps: toibuda
- Võro: toibuma/toibudaq
Further reading
- “toibuma”, in [ETY] Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat [Estonian Etymological Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2012
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