thư
Vietnamese
Pronunciation
- (Hà Nội) IPA(key): [tʰɨ˧˧]
- (Huế) IPA(key): [tʰɨ˧˧]
- (Hồ Chí Minh City) IPA(key): [tʰɨ˧˧]
Audio (Hà Nội) (file)
Etymology 1
Sino-Vietnamese word from 書 (“document; letter”).
Alternative forms
- (Southern Vietnam, obsolete) thơ
Affix
thư
- (dated or historical) a document, book or compilation
- chứng minh thư
- an identity card
- Hậu Hán thư ― the Book of (Later) Han
- Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư ― Complete Annals of Đại Việt
Usage notes
In Chinese, 書/书 (shū) ambiguously means "book", "document" or "letter". In Vietnamese, the senses of "book" and "document" are only fossilized and not productive. The free noun only means "letter". For the free noun meaning "book", use sách instead.
Derived terms
- bách khoa toàn thư
- danh sách thư
- điện thư
- thư án
- thư điện tử
- thư ký, thư kí
- thư pháp
- thư viện
Etymology 2
Sino-Vietnamese word from 舒.
Synonyms
- (leisurely): thong thả
Antonyms
- (antonym(s) of “leisurely”): bức bách
References
- "thư" in Hồ Ngọc Đức, Free Vietnamese Dictionary Project (details)
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