sustenir
Ladin
Etymology
From Vulgar Latin *sustenīre, from Latin sustinēre, present active infinitive of sustineō.
Conjugation
- Ladin conjugation varies from one region to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.
Conjugation of sustenir (fourth conjugation)
infinitive | sustenir, sustenì | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
auxiliary verb | avei | gerund | sustenian | |||
past participle | sustenì | |||||
person | singular | plural | ||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | |
indicative | ie | tu | el / ela | nos | vos | ei / eles |
present | sustene, sustenesce | sustenes, sustenesces | susten, sustenesc | sustenion | sustenieis | susten, sustenesc |
imperfect | sustenive | sustenives | susteniva | sustenivan | sustenivais | susteniva |
future | susteniré | susteniras | sustenirà | susteniron | sustenireis | sustenirà |
subjunctive | che ie | che tu | che el / ela | che nos | che vos | che ei / eles |
present | sustene, sustenesce | sustenes, sustenesces | sustene, sustenesce | sustenion | sustenieis | sustene, sustenesce |
imperfect | sustenisse | sustenisses | sustenissa | sustenissan | sustenissais | sustenissa |
imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – |
— | susten, sustenesc | — | sustenion | sustenide | — |
Old French
Etymology
From Vulgar Latin *sustenīre, from Latin sustinēre, present active infinitive of sustineō.
Conjugation
This verb conjugates as a third-group verb. This verb has a stressed present stem sustien distinct from the unstressed stem susten, as well as other irregularities. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | sustenir | avoir sustenu | |||||
gerund | en sustenant | gerund of avoir + past participle | |||||
present participle | sustenant | ||||||
past participle | sustenu | ||||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | jo | tu | il | nos | vos | il | |
simple tenses |
present | sustieng, sustien | sustiens | sustient | sustenons | sustenez | sustienent |
imperfect | sustenoie, susteneie | sustenoies, susteneies | sustenoit, susteneit | susteniiens, susteniens | susteniiez, susteniez | sustenoient, susteneient | |
preterite | sustin | sustenis | sustint | sustenimes | sustenistes | sustindrent, sustinrent | |
future | sustendrai | sustendras | sustendra | sustendrons | sustendroiz, sustendreiz, sustendrez | sustendront | |
conditional | sustendroie, sustendreie | sustendroies, sustendreies | sustendroit, sustendreit | sustendriiens, sustendriens | sustendriiez, sustendriez | sustendroient, sustendreient | |
compound tenses |
present perfect | present tense of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past anterior | preterite tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que jo | que tu | qu’il | que nos | que vos | qu’il | |
simple tenses |
present | sustiegne | sustiegnes | sustiegne | sustiegniens, sustiegnons | sustiegniez | sustiegnent |
imperfect | sustenisse | sustenisses | sustenist | sustenissons, sustenissiens | sustenissoiz, sustenissez, sustenissiez | sustenissent | |
compound tenses |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – | |
— | sustien | — | sustenons | sustenez | — |
Descendants
- English: to sustain
- Middle French: soustenir
- French: soutenir
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