suffoco

Latin

Etymology

From sub- +‎ fōc- (“throat”) +‎ -ō (verb-forming suffix).

Pronunciation

Verb

suffōcō (present infinitive suffōcāre, perfect active suffōcāvī, supine suffōcātum); first conjugation

  1. to choke, stifle, strangle, suffocate, drown
    Synonyms: premō, angō

Usage notes

To convey the verb "suffocate" in the sense of "suffer from severely reduced oxygen intake to the body," one must use the passive voice; the active voice is said of someone who causes another to suffer from severely reduced oxygen intake to the body.

Conjugation
   Conjugation of suffōcō (first conjugation)
indicative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present suffōcō suffōcās suffōcat suffōcāmus suffōcātis suffōcant
imperfect suffōcābam suffōcābās suffōcābat suffōcābāmus suffōcābātis suffōcābant
future suffōcābō suffōcābis suffōcābit suffōcābimus suffōcābitis suffōcābunt
perfect suffōcāvī suffōcāvistī suffōcāvit suffōcāvimus suffōcāvistis suffōcāvērunt,
suffōcāvēre
pluperfect suffōcāveram suffōcāverās suffōcāverat suffōcāverāmus suffōcāverātis suffōcāverant
future perfect suffōcāverō suffōcāveris suffōcāverit suffōcāverimus suffōcāveritis suffōcāverint
passive present suffōcor suffōcāris,
suffōcāre		 suffōcātur suffōcāmur suffōcāminī suffōcantur
imperfect suffōcābar suffōcābāris,
suffōcābāre		 suffōcābātur suffōcābāmur suffōcābāminī suffōcābantur
future suffōcābor suffōcāberis,
suffōcābere		 suffōcābitur suffōcābimur suffōcābiminī suffōcābuntur
perfect suffōcātus + present active indicative of sum
pluperfect suffōcātus + imperfect active indicative of sum
future perfect suffōcātus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive singular plural
first second third first second third
active present suffōcem suffōcēs suffōcet suffōcēmus suffōcētis suffōcent
imperfect suffōcārem suffōcārēs suffōcāret suffōcārēmus suffōcārētis suffōcārent
perfect suffōcāverim suffōcāverīs suffōcāverit suffōcāverīmus suffōcāverītis suffōcāverint
pluperfect suffōcāvissem suffōcāvissēs suffōcāvisset suffōcāvissēmus suffōcāvissētis suffōcāvissent
passive present suffōcer suffōcēris,
suffōcēre		 suffōcētur suffōcēmur suffōcēminī suffōcentur
imperfect suffōcārer suffōcārēris,
suffōcārēre		 suffōcārētur suffōcārēmur suffōcārēminī suffōcārentur
perfect suffōcātus + present active subjunctive of sum
pluperfect suffōcātus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present — suffōcā — — suffōcāte —
future — suffōcātō suffōcātō — suffōcātōte suffōcantō
passive present — suffōcāre — — suffōcāminī —
future — suffōcātor suffōcātor — — suffōcantor
non-finite forms active passive
present perfect future present perfect future
infinitives suffōcāre suffōcāvisse suffōcātūrum esse suffōcārī suffōcātum esse suffōcātum īrī
participles suffōcāns — suffōcātūrus — suffōcātus suffōcandus
verbal nouns gerund supine
genitive dative accusative ablative accusative ablative
suffōcandī suffōcandō suffōcandum suffōcandō suffōcātum suffōcātū

Descendants
  • Italo-Romance:
    • Italian: soffocare
      • → Piedmontese: sofoché
  • North Italian:
    • Lombard: sofegar
    • Venetian: sofegar, sofigar
    • → Old French: sofoger (only in Marco Polo)
  • Borrowings:

References

Further reading
  • “suffoco”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “suffoco”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • suffoco in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
  • suffoco in Ramminger, Johann (2016 July 16 (last accessed)) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎, pre-publication website, 2005-2016
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