spr

See also: SPR

Egyptian

Etymology

Compare Arabic سَفَر (safar)

Pronunciation

(modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /sɛpɛr/
- Conventional anglicization: seper

Verb

3-lit.

(intransitive) to arrive (+ r: to arrive at, to get to (some place), to reach (someone))
- c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 173–174:
  
  spr.n.n r ẖnw ḥr ꜣbd snwj mj ḏdt.n.f nbt
  We arrived home in two months like everything he had said.
- c. 1550 BCE – 1295 BCE, Great Hymn to Osiris (Stela of Amenmose, Louvre C 286) line 22:
  
  jr ḏwt r šd-ḫrw wd qn zp.f spr(.w) r.f
  Evil has been done to the Disturber (Set), he who committed violence; his misdeed has caught up with him.
(transitive) to reach, to get to (some place)

Inflection

Conjugation of spr (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: spr, geminated stem: sprr

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive¹	singular	plural
spr	sprw, spr	sprt	spr	spr

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective²		periphrastic prospective²
spr	ḥr spr	m spr	r spr

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	passive	contingent
aspect / mood	active	passive	aspect / mood	active	passive
perfect	spr.n	sprw, spr	consecutive	spr.jn	active + .tj¹, .tw²
perfect	spr.n	active + .tj¹, .tw²
terminative	sprt
perfective³	spr	active + .tj¹, .tw²	obligative¹	spr.ḫr	active + .tj¹, .tw²
imperfective	spr	active + .tj¹, .tw²	obligative¹	spr.ḫr	active + .tj¹, .tw²
prospective³	spr	sprr	potentialis¹	spr.kꜣ	active + .tj¹, .tw²
prospective³	spr	active + .tj¹, .tw²
subjunctive	spr	active + .tj¹, .tw²

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
aspect / mood	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	spr.n	active + .tj¹, .tw²	—	—
perfective	spr	active + .tj¹, .tw²	spr	spr, sprw⁵, spry⁵
imperfective	spr, spry, sprw⁵	active + .tj¹, .tw²	spr, sprj⁶, spry⁶	spr, sprw⁵
prospective	spr, sprtj⁷	—	sprtj⁴, sprt⁴
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of spr

spr

[Old Kingdom]

[since the Middle Kingdom]

Derived terms

spr r dmj

Verb

3-lit.

(intransitive) to petition, to appeal (+ n: to; + ḥr: against or about (something))

Inflection

Conjugation of spr (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: spr, geminated stem: sprr

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive¹	singular	plural
spr	sprw, spr	sprt	spr	spr

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective²		periphrastic prospective²
spr	ḥr spr	m spr	r spr

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	contingent
aspect / mood	active	aspect / mood	active
perfect	spr.n	consecutive	spr.jn
terminative	sprt	consecutive	spr.jn
perfective³	spr	obligative¹	spr.ḫr
imperfective	spr	obligative¹	spr.ḫr
prospective³	spr	potentialis¹	spr.kꜣ
subjunctive	spr	potentialis¹	spr.kꜣ

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms	participles
aspect / mood	active	active	passive
perfect	spr.n	—	—
perfective	spr	spr	spr, sprw⁵, spry⁵
imperfective	spr, spry, sprw⁵	spr, sprj⁶, spry⁶	spr, sprw⁵
prospective	spr, sprtj⁷	sprtj⁴, sprt⁴
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of spr

spr

rare

Derived terms

sprw

Noun

m

rib of a human or animal
ribs as food

Inflection

Declension of spr (masculine)

singular	spr
dual	sprwj
plural	sprw

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of spr

spr

[18th-20th Dynasty]

Descendants

Bohairic Coptic: ⲥⲫⲓⲣ (sphir)
Sahidic Coptic: ⲥⲡⲓⲣ (spir)

References

Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1930) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎, volume 4, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 101.10–104.3
Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 223
James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 87, 196, 239.
Hoch, James (1997) Middle Egyptian Grammar, Mississauga: Benben Publications, →ISBN, pages 129, 163

This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.