sommer

See also: Sommer, sømmer, and sòmmer

English

Etymology 1

From Afrikaans sommer.

Interjection

sommer

  1. (South Africa) just because; answer to questions (especially "why" questions) that you do not want to answer or don't have a specific answer for.
    Why do I have to go to school?
    Sommer.

Noun

sommer (plural sommers)

  1. (obsolete) Alternative form of summer

Anagrams

Afrikaans

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Dutch zomaar, with vowel reduction.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈsɔ.mər/
  • Audio(file)

Adverb

sommer

  1. just, no more than
    • 2003, Dalene Matthee, Toorbos, Tafelberg, page 255:
      Hy sê: Moenie laf wees nie, dit was sommer kanonskote vir koningin Victoria se verjaardag, dis Engeland se skip wat in die hawe lê.
      He said, Don't be silly; that was just cannon shots for Queen Victoria's birthday; that's an English ship there in the harbour.

Danish

Etymology

From Old Norse sumarr, sumar, from Proto-Germanic *sumaraz, from Proto-Indo-European *sem- (“summer”).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈsɔmɐ/, [ˈsʌmɐ], [ˈsɒ̽mɒ̽]

Noun

sommer c (singular definite sommeren, plural indefinite somre)

  1. (season) summer (hottest season)

Inflection
Declension of sommer
common
gender		 Singular Plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative sommer sommeren somre somrene
genitive sommers sommerens somres somrenes

Derived terms

See also
Seasons in Danish · årstider (layout · text) · category
forår (“spring”) sommer (“summer”) efterår (“autumn”) vinter (“winter”)

French

Etymology

From somme +‎ -er.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /sɔ.me/
  • audio(file)

Verb

sommer

  1. (mathematics) to sum up
  2. to summon, to call

Conjugation
Conjugation of sommer (see also Appendix:French verbs)
infinitive simple sommer
compound avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1 simple sommant
/sɔ.mɑ̃/
compound ayant + past participle
past participle sommé
/sɔ.me/
singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative je (j’) tu il, elle, on nous vous ils, elles
(simple
tenses)		 present somme
/sɔm/		 sommes
/sɔm/		 somme
/sɔm/		 sommons
/sɔ.mɔ̃/		 sommez
/sɔ.me/		 somment
/sɔm/
imperfect sommais
/sɔ.mɛ/		 sommais
/sɔ.mɛ/		 sommait
/sɔ.mɛ/		 sommions
/sɔ.mjɔ̃/		 sommiez
/sɔ.mje/		 sommaient
/sɔ.mɛ/
past historic2 sommai
/sɔ.me/		 sommas
/sɔ.ma/		 somma
/sɔ.ma/		 sommâmes
/sɔ.mam/		 sommâtes
/sɔ.mat/		 sommèrent
/sɔ.mɛʁ/
future sommerai
/sɔm.ʁe/		 sommeras
/sɔm.ʁa/		 sommera
/sɔm.ʁa/		 sommerons
/sɔm.ʁɔ̃/		 sommerez
/sɔm.ʁe/		 sommeront
/sɔm.ʁɔ̃/
conditional sommerais
/sɔm.ʁɛ/		 sommerais
/sɔm.ʁɛ/		 sommerait
/sɔm.ʁɛ/		 sommerions
/sɔ.mə.ʁjɔ̃/		 sommeriez
/sɔ.mə.ʁje/		 sommeraient
/sɔm.ʁɛ/
(compound
tenses)		 present perfect present indicative of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
past anterior2 past historic of avoir + past participle
future perfect future of avoir + past participle
conditional perfect conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive que je (j’) que tu qu’il, qu’elle que nous que vous qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple
tenses)		 present somme
/sɔm/		 sommes
/sɔm/		 somme
/sɔm/		 sommions
/sɔ.mjɔ̃/		 sommiez
/sɔ.mje/		 somment
/sɔm/
imperfect2 sommasse
/sɔ.mas/		 sommasses
/sɔ.mas/		 sommât
/sɔ.ma/		 sommassions
/sɔ.ma.sjɔ̃/		 sommassiez
/sɔ.ma.sje/		 sommassent
/sɔ.mas/
(compound
tenses)		 past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
pluperfect2 imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative – tu – nous vous –
simple — somme
/sɔm/		 — sommons
/sɔ.mɔ̃/		 sommez
/sɔ.me/		 —
compound — simple imperative of avoir + past participle — simple imperative of avoir + past participle simple imperative of avoir + past participle —
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
  • past historic → present perfect
  • past anterior → pluperfect
  • imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive
  • pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive

(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Further reading

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From Old Norse sumarr, sumar, from Proto-Germanic *sumaraz.

Noun

sommer m (definite singular sommeren, indefinite plural sommere or somre or somrer, definite plural sommerne or somrene)

  1. summer

Derived terms

See also
Seasons in Norwegian Bokmål · årstider (layout · text) · category
vår (“spring”) sommer (“summer”) høst (“autumn”) vinter (“winter”)

References
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