sꜥr

Egyptian

s- (causative prefix) +‎ jꜥr (“to ascend”).

caus. 2-lit.

Conjugation of sꜥr (causative biliteral / caus. 2-lit. / caus. 2rad.) — base stem: sꜥr

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive¹	singular	plural
sꜥrt, sꜥr	sꜥrw, sꜥr	sꜥrt	sꜥr	sꜥr

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective²		periphrastic prospective²
sꜥr	ḥr sꜥr	m sꜥr	r sꜥr

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
aspect / mood	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	sꜥr.n	active + .tj¹, .tw²	—	—
perfective	sꜥr	active + .tj¹, .tw²	sꜥr	sꜥr, sꜥrw⁵, sꜥry⁵
imperfective	sꜥr, sꜥry, sꜥrw⁵	active + .tj¹, .tw²	sꜥr, sꜥrj⁶, sꜥry⁶	sꜥr, sꜥrw⁵
prospective	sꜥr, sꜥrtj⁷	—	sꜥrwtj^{1 4}, sꜥrtj⁴, sꜥrt⁴
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of sꜥr

sjꜥr

[Old Kingdom]

Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1930) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎, volume 4, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 32.9–33.17, 48
James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 174.
Hoch, James (1997) Middle Egyptian Grammar, Mississauga: Benben Publications, →ISBN, page 125

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