sšwj

Egyptian

Etymology

s- (causative prefix) +‎ šwj (“to be empty, devoid”).

Pronunciation

Verb
sSwwnDs

 caus. 3ae inf.

  1. (transitive) to deprive (someone) (+ m: of (something)) [Old Kingdom]
  2. (transitive) to empty (a container) [New Kingdom and Greco-Roman Period]
  3. (transitive) to unload (a ship) [New Kingdom and Greco-Roman Period]
  4. (transitive) to unload (goods) (+ m: from (a ship)) [New Kingdom and Greco-Roman Period]
  5. (transitive) to empty in the abstract sense, to make devoid or free (+ m: of (a quality, typically a negative one)) [Greco-Roman Period]
  6. (transitive) to lose (something) by theft [18th Dynasty]

Inflection
Conjugation of sšwj (causative third weak / caus. 3ae inf. / caus. III. inf.) — base stem: sšw, geminated stem: sšww
infinitival forms imperative
infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural
sšwt, sšwj
 sšww, sšw
 sšwt, sšwwt, sšwyt
 sšw
 sšw, sšwy
‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2
sšw
 ḥr sšwt, ḥr sšwj
 m sšwt, m sšwj
 r sšwt, r sšwj
suffix conjugation
aspect / mood active passive contingent
aspect / mood active passive
perfect sšw.n
 sšww, sšw, sšwy
 consecutive sšw.jn
 active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative sšwt
perfective3 sšw
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 obligative1 sšw.ḫr
 active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective sšw, sšwy
 active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3 sšww, sšw, sšwy
 sšww, sšw, sšwy
 potentialis1 sšw.kꜣ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive sšw, sšwy
 active + .tj1, .tw2
verbal adjectives
aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles
active passive active passive
perfect sšw.n
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 — —
perfective sšww1, sšwy, sšw
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 sšw
 sšwy, sšw
imperfective sšww, sšwwy, sšwww5
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 sšww, sšwwj6, sšwwy6
 sšww, sšwww5
prospective sšww1, sšwy, sšw, sšwtj7
 — sšwwtj1 4, sšwtj4, sšwt4
  1. Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
  2. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
  3. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
  4. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
  5. Only in the masculine singular.
  6. Only in the masculine.
  7. Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of sšwj  
sSSww
sSwwnDs
sSwWZ9
nDs
SwW
nDs
SwWZ9
nDs
SwWY1VA24
zSwW
nDs
SwW
Aa2
sšwj sšwj sšwj šwj šwj šwj sšwj šwj
[Old Kingdom] [New Kingdom] [New Kingdom] [New Kingdom] [New Kingdom] [New Kingdom] [Greco-Roman Period] [Greco-Roman Period]
in hieratic in Late Egyptian texts in Late Egyptian texts in Late Egyptian texts

Starting in Late Egyptian, this word is not always distinguished from its non-causative source šwj (“to be empty”).

Descendants
  • Coptic: ϣⲟⲩⲟ (šouo), ϣⲟⲩⲱ⸗ (šouō⸗)

References
  • “sšwi̯ (lemma ID 144810)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae‎, Corpus issue 17, Web app version 2.01 edition, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–15 December 2022
  • Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1930) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎, volume 4, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 282.1–282.4, 428.1–428.2
  • Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 247
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