rwḏ

See also: rwd and RWD

Egyptian

Pronunciation

Verb
rwDrwD

 3-lit.

  1. (intransitive) to be(come) firm
    • c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 132–134:
      irq
      n      		 A24n
      k      		 rwDA24ib Z1
      k      		 mH
      Y2      		 kq
      n      		 iD32kmXrdA1 B1
      Z2      		 k
      snfnDA2kN42tB1kU2
      ir      		 AkprZ1k
      jr qn{n}.k rwḏ jb.k mḥ.k qnj.k m ẖrdw.k sn.k ḥmt.k mꜣ.k pr.k
      If you are stalwart, with your mind firm, you will fill your embrace with your children, you will kiss your wife, and you will see your home.

Inflection
Conjugation of rwḏ (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: rwḏ, geminated stem: rwḏḏ
infinitival forms imperative
infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural
rwḏ
 rwḏw, rwḏ
 rwḏt
 rwḏ
 rwḏ
‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2
rwḏ
 ḥr rwḏ
 m rwḏ
 r rwḏ
suffix conjugation
aspect / mood active contingent
aspect / mood active
perfect rwḏ.n
 consecutive rwḏ.jn
terminative rwḏt
perfective3 rwḏ
 obligative1 rwḏ.ḫr
imperfective rwḏ
prospective3 rwḏ
 potentialis1 rwḏ.kꜣ
subjunctive rwḏ
verbal adjectives
aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles
active active passive
perfect rwḏ.n
 — —
perfective rwḏ
 rwḏ
 rwḏ, rwḏw5, rwḏy5
imperfective rwḏ, rwḏy, rwḏw5
 rwḏ, rwḏj6, rwḏy6
 rwḏ, rwḏw5
prospective rwḏ, rwḏtj7
 rwḏtj4, rwḏt4
  1. Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
  2. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
  3. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
  4. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
  5. Only in the masculine singular.
  6. Only in the masculine.
  7. Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of rwḏ  
rwd
rwD
r
d		 rwD
Y1
rwd rd

Derived terms

References
  • James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 166, 238.
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