rester
See also: Rester
English
Etymology
From Middle English restar, restere, equivalent to rest + -er.
French
Etymology
From Middle French rester, from Old French rester, from Latin restāre. According to the Trésor informatisé, the Old French is a borrowing from Latin. What speaks in favour of this is the preservation of [st], which in a popular word should be simplified to [t] (yielding modern *rêter). Alternatively it could be inherited, but influenced by the Latin.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ʁɛs.te/
audio (file)
Verb
rester
- (intransitive) to stay
- On est restés à l’hôtel pendant une bonne part du séjour, on était tous malades.
- We stayed at the hotel for a good part of the trip, we were all sick.
- to remain, be left over
- 2018, Zaz, on s'en remet jamais
- Est-ce que tout ce que l’on se promet a pu se perdre dans un désert ? Ne reste-t-il que des poussières une fois que l’amour est absent.
- Could everything we hope for have been lost in a desert? Nothing but dust is left once the love is missing.
- Il reste un peu de riz dans le frigo, si tu veux.
- There remains a bit of rice in the fridge, if you want.
- 2018, Zaz, on s'en remet jamais
- to stay, to remain (to continue to have a particular quality)
- Elle est restée comme elle était quand je l’ai rencontrée.
- She remained as she was when I met her.
- (rare) to rest
- (North America) to live
- Moi, je reste au Québec.
- Me, I live in Quebec.
Conjugation
Conjugation of rester (see also Appendix:French verbs)
infinitive | simple | rester | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
compound | être + past participle | ||||||
present participle or gerund1 | simple | restant /ʁɛs.tɑ̃/ | |||||
compound | étant + past participle | ||||||
past participle | resté /ʁɛs.te/ | ||||||
singular | plural | ||||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | reste /ʁɛst/ |
restes /ʁɛst/ |
reste /ʁɛst/ |
restons /ʁɛs.tɔ̃/ |
restez /ʁɛs.te/ |
restent /ʁɛst/ |
imperfect | restais /ʁɛs.tɛ/ |
restais /ʁɛs.tɛ/ |
restait /ʁɛs.tɛ/ |
restions /ʁɛs.tjɔ̃/ |
restiez /ʁɛs.tje/ |
restaient /ʁɛs.tɛ/ | |
past historic2 | restai /ʁɛs.te/ |
restas /ʁɛs.ta/ |
resta /ʁɛs.ta/ |
restâmes /ʁɛs.tam/ |
restâtes /ʁɛs.tat/ |
restèrent /ʁɛs.tɛʁ/ | |
future | resterai /ʁɛs.tə.ʁe/ |
resteras /ʁɛs.tə.ʁa/ |
restera /ʁɛs.tə.ʁa/ |
resterons /ʁɛs.tə.ʁɔ̃/ |
resterez /ʁɛs.tə.ʁe/ |
resteront /ʁɛs.tə.ʁɔ̃/ | |
conditional | resterais /ʁɛs.tə.ʁɛ/ |
resterais /ʁɛs.tə.ʁɛ/ |
resterait /ʁɛs.tə.ʁɛ/ |
resterions /ʁɛs.tə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
resteriez /ʁɛs.tə.ʁje/ |
resteraient /ʁɛs.tə.ʁɛ/ | |
(compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of être + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect indicative of être + past participle | ||||||
past anterior2 | past historic of être + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future of être + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional of être + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | reste /ʁɛst/ |
restes /ʁɛst/ |
reste /ʁɛst/ |
restions /ʁɛs.tjɔ̃/ |
restiez /ʁɛs.tje/ |
restent /ʁɛst/ |
imperfect2 | restasse /ʁɛs.tas/ |
restasses /ʁɛs.tas/ |
restât /ʁɛs.ta/ |
restassions /ʁɛs.ta.sjɔ̃/ |
restassiez /ʁɛs.ta.sje/ |
restassent /ʁɛs.tas/ | |
(compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of être + past participle | |||||
pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of être + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | – | – | ||||
simple | — | reste /ʁɛst/ |
— | restons /ʁɛs.tɔ̃/ |
restez /ʁɛs.te/ |
— | |
compound | — | simple imperative of être + past participle | — | simple imperative of être + past participle | simple imperative of être + past participle | — | |
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). |
Derived terms
Further reading
- “rester”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Ladin
Conjugation
- Ladin conjugation varies from one region to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.
Conjugation of rester (first conjugation)
infinitive | rester, resté | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
auxiliary verb | avei | gerund | restan | |||
past participle | resté | |||||
person | singular | plural | ||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | |
indicative | ie | tu | el / ela | nos | vos | ei / eles |
present | reste, resteie | restes, resteies | resta, resteia, restea | reston | resteis | resta, resteia |
imperfect | restove | restoves | restova | restovan | restovais | restova |
future | restaré | restaras | restarà | restaron | restareis | restarà |
subjunctive | che ie | che tu | che el / ela | che nos | che vos | che ei / eles |
present | reste, resteie | restes, resteies | reste, resteie | reston | resteis | reste |
imperfect | restasse | restasses | restassa | restassan | restassais | restassa |
imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – |
— | resta, resteia | — | reston | restede | — |
Norwegian Bokmål
Old French
Conjugation
This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -er. This verb is highly irregular. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | rester | estre resté, resteü | |||||
gerund | en restant | gerund of estre + past participle | |||||
present participle | restant | ||||||
past participle | resté, resteü | ||||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | jo | tu | il | nos | vos | il | |
simple tenses |
present | restois | restas, restais | resta, restait | restons | restez | restont |
imperfect | restoie, resteie, restoe, resteve | restoies, resteies, restoes, resteves | restoit, resteit, restot, resteve | restiiens, restiens | restiiez, restiez | restoient, resteient, restoent, restevent | |
preterite | restui, restai | resteüs, restas | restut, resta | resteümes, restames | resteüstes, restastes | resturent, resterent | |
future | resterai | resteras | restera | resterons | resteroiz, restereiz, resterez | resteront | |
conditional | resteroie, restereie | resteroies, restereies | resteroit, restereit | resteriiens, resteriens | resteriiez, resteriez | resteroient, restereient | |
compound tenses |
present perfect | present tense of estre + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect tense of estre + past participle | ||||||
past anterior | preterite tense of estre + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future tense of estre + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional tense of estre + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que jo | que tu | qu’il | que nos | que vos | qu’il | |
simple tenses |
present | restoise, restace | restoises, restaces | restoise, restoist, restace | restons | restez | restoisent, restacent |
imperfect | resteüsse, restasse | resteüsses, restasses | resteüst, restast | resteüssons, resteüssiens, restissons, restissiens | resteüssoiz, resteüssez, resteüssiez, restissoiz, restissez, restissiez | resteüssent, restassent | |
compound tenses |
past | present subjunctive of estre + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect subjunctive of estre + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – | |
— | resta | — | restons | restez | — |
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