pwy

Egyptian

Etymology

Derived from pw.

Pronunciation

Determiner
pwii

 m sg copular/vocative demonstrative determiner

  1. (Middle Egyptian) this is…
  2. (Middle Egyptian) O (vocative reference)

Usage notes

This demonstrative was always a determiner and could not stand alone as a pronoun. It follows the noun it describes.

Inflection
Old Egyptian demonstratives
determiners pronouns1 adverbs
number singular dual plural unmarked
gender masculine feminine masculine feminine masculine feminine unmarked
proximal to speaker pn
 tn, jtn
 *jpnj
 *jptnj
 jpn
 jptn
 nn
 —
distal pf
 tf
 *jpfj
 *jptfj
 jpf
 jptf
 nf
 —
proximal to spoken of pj, pw, py, p
 tj, tw, jtw
 jpwj
 *jptwj
 jpw
 jptw
 nw
 —
vocative pꜣ
 tꜣ
 —
 —
 —
 —
 nꜣ
 ꜥꜣ
  1. Unmarked for number and gender, but treated syntactically as masculine plurals when used with participles and relative forms, and as feminine singulars when referred to by resumptive pronouns.
Middle Egyptian demonstratives
determiners and pronouns adverbs
number singular plural1
gender masculine feminine unmarked
proximal pn
 tn
 nn
 ꜥn
distal pf, pfꜣ
 tf, tfꜣ
 nf, nfꜣ
 ꜥf
‘copula’; vocative pw, pwy
 tw, twy
 nw
 —
anaphoric pꜣ
 tꜣ
 nꜣ
 ꜥꜣ
  1. Joined by n(j) to nouns they modify.
Late Egyptian demonstratives and articles
masculine feminine plural adverb
pronoun pꜣw
 dj
determiners and pronouns pꜣj
 tꜣj
 nꜣj
possessive determiners (used with suffix pronouns) pꜣy
 tꜣy
 nꜣy
relational pronouns (‘possessive prefixes’) p-n, pꜣ
 t-nt, tꜣ
 nꜣyw, nꜣ
definite articles pꜣ
 tꜣ
 nꜣ1
indefinite articles wꜥ1
 nhꜣy1
  1. Originally joined by n(j) to nouns they modify; later without it.

Alternative forms
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of pwy  
p
W		 ii
pwy

References
  • James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 55.
  • Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN

Old Uyghur

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *bod (“color”).[1]

Noun

pwy (boy)

  1. color, paint

Derived terms
  • ⇒ pwdw (bodu-)

References
  1. Clauson, Gerard (1972) “*bo:d”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 297
  • Caferoğlu, Ahmet (1968) “boy”, in Eski Uygur Türkçesi Sözlüğü (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 260) (in Turkish), Istanbul: Edebiyat Fakültesi Basımevi, page 49

Welsh

Etymology

From Old Welsh pui, from Proto-Brythonic *puɨ, from Proto-Celtic *kʷēs, (compare Breton piv, Cornish piw, Old Irish cía), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷis.

Pronunciation

Pronoun

pwy m

  1. (interrogative) who
    Pwy yw e? ― Who is he?

Derived terms
  • pwy bynnag (“whoever”)
  • ta pwy (“whoever”)

Determiner

pwy

  1. (South Wales) (colloquial) which
    Synonym: pa
    Pwy un yw e? ― Which one is he/it?
  2. (South Wales) (colloquial) a certain, the other
    Synonym: pa
    Weles i fe pwy ddiwrnod. ― I saw him/it the other day.

Mutation
Welsh mutation
radical soft nasal aspirate
pwy bwy mhwy phwy
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.
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