punastua
Finnish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈpunɑstuɑˣ/, [ˈpunɑ̝s̠ˌtuɑ̝(ʔ)]
- Rhymes: -uɑ
- Syllabification(key): pu‧nas‧tu‧a
Conjugation
Inflection of punastua (Kotus type 52/sanoa, no gradation) | |||||||||||||||||||||
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indicative mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present tense | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | punastun | en punastu | 1st sing. | olen punastunut | en ole punastunut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | punastut | et punastu | 2nd sing. | olet punastunut | et ole punastunut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | punastuu | ei punastu | 3rd sing. | on punastunut | ei ole punastunut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | punastumme | emme punastu | 1st plur. | olemme punastuneet | emme ole punastuneet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | punastutte | ette punastu | 2nd plur. | olette punastuneet | ette ole punastuneet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | punastuvat | eivät punastu | 3rd plur. | ovat punastuneet | eivät ole punastuneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | punastutaan | ei punastuta | passive | on punastuttu | ei ole punastuttu | ||||||||||||||||
past tense | pluperfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | punastuin | en punastunut | 1st sing. | olin punastunut | en ollut punastunut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | punastuit | et punastunut | 2nd sing. | olit punastunut | et ollut punastunut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | punastui | ei punastunut | 3rd sing. | oli punastunut | ei ollut punastunut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | punastuimme | emme punastuneet | 1st plur. | olimme punastuneet | emme olleet punastuneet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | punastuitte | ette punastuneet | 2nd plur. | olitte punastuneet | ette olleet punastuneet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | punastuivat | eivät punastuneet | 3rd plur. | olivat punastuneet | eivät olleet punastuneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | punastuttiin | ei punastuttu | passive | oli punastuttu | ei ollut punastuttu | ||||||||||||||||
conditional mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | punastuisin | en punastuisi | 1st sing. | olisin punastunut | en olisi punastunut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | punastuisit | et punastuisi | 2nd sing. | olisit punastunut | et olisi punastunut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | punastuisi | ei punastuisi | 3rd sing. | olisi punastunut | ei olisi punastunut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | punastuisimme | emme punastuisi | 1st plur. | olisimme punastuneet | emme olisi punastuneet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | punastuisitte | ette punastuisi | 2nd plur. | olisitte punastuneet | ette olisi punastuneet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | punastuisivat | eivät punastuisi | 3rd plur. | olisivat punastuneet | eivät olisi punastuneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | punastuttaisiin | ei punastuttaisi | passive | olisi punastuttu | ei olisi punastuttu | ||||||||||||||||
imperative mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | — | — | 1st sing. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | punastu | älä punastu | 2nd sing. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | punastukoon | älköön punastuko | 3rd sing. | olkoon punastunut | älköön olko punastunut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | punastukaamme | älkäämme punastuko | 1st plur. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | punastukaa | älkää punastuko | 2nd plur. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | punastukoot | älkööt punastuko | 3rd plur. | olkoot punastuneet | älkööt olko punastuneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | punastuttakoon | älköön punastuttako | passive | olkoon punastuttu | älköön olko punastuttu | ||||||||||||||||
potential mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | punastunen | en punastune | 1st sing. | lienen punastunut | en liene punastunut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | punastunet | et punastune | 2nd sing. | lienet punastunut | et liene punastunut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | punastunee | ei punastune | 3rd sing. | lienee punastunut | ei liene punastunut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | punastunemme | emme punastune | 1st plur. | lienemme punastuneet | emme liene punastuneet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | punastunette | ette punastune | 2nd plur. | lienette punastuneet | ette liene punastuneet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | punastunevat | eivät punastune | 3rd plur. | lienevät punastuneet | eivät liene punastuneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | punastuttaneen | ei punastuttane | passive | lienee punastuttu | ei liene punastuttu | ||||||||||||||||
Nominal forms | |||||||||||||||||||||
infinitives | participles | ||||||||||||||||||||
active | passive | active | passive | ||||||||||||||||||
1st | punastua | present | punastuva | punastuttava | |||||||||||||||||
long 1st1 |
|
past | punastunut | punastuttu | |||||||||||||||||
2nd | inessive2 | punastuessa | punastuttaessa | agent3 | punastuma | ||||||||||||||||
|
negative | punastumaton | |||||||||||||||||||
instructive | punastuen | — | 1) Used only with a possessive suffix. 2) Usually with a possessive suffix (active only). | ||||||||||||||||||
3rd | inessive | punastumassa | — | ||||||||||||||||||
elative | punastumasta | — | |||||||||||||||||||
illative | punastumaan | — | |||||||||||||||||||
adessive | punastumalla | — | |||||||||||||||||||
abessive | punastumatta | — | |||||||||||||||||||
instructive | punastuman | punastuttaman | |||||||||||||||||||
4th4 | verbal noun | punastuminen | |||||||||||||||||||
5th1 |
|
Derived terms
Further reading
- “punastua”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03
Ingrian
Pronunciation
- (Ala-Laukaa) IPA(key): /ˈpunɑstuɑ/, [ˈpunɑs̠ˌtuɑ]
- (Soikkola) IPA(key): /ˈpunɑstuɑ/, [ˈpunɑʃˌtuɑ]
- Rhymes: -uɑ
- Hyphenation: pu‧nas‧tu‧a
Conjugation
Conjugation of punastua (type 1/ampua, st-ss gradation) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indikativa | |||||
Preesens | Perfekta | ||||
positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
1st singular | punassun | en punassu | 1st singular | oon punastunt, oon punastunut | en oo punastunt, en oo punastunut |
2nd singular | punassut | et punassu | 2nd singular | oot punastunt, oot punastunut | et oo punastunt, et oo punastunut |
3rd singular | punastuu | ei punassu | 3rd singular | ono punastunt, ono punastunut | ei oo punastunt, ei oo punastunut |
1st plural | punassumma | emmä punassu | 1st plural | oomma punastunneet | emmä oo punastunneet |
2nd plural | punassutta | että punassu | 2nd plural | ootta punastunneet | että oo punastunneet |
3rd plural | punastuut1), punastuvat2), punassuttaa | evät punassu, ei punassuta | 3rd plural | ovat punastunneet | evät oo punastunneet, ei oo punassuttu |
impersonal | punassuttaa | ei punassuta | impersonal | ono punassuttu | ei oo punassuttu |
Imperfekta | Pluskvamperfekta | ||||
positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
1st singular | punassuin | en punastunt, en punastunut | 1st singular | olin punastunt, olin punastunut | en olt punastunt, en olt punastunut |
2nd singular | punassuit | et punastunt, et punastunut | 2nd singular | olit punastunt, olit punastunut | et olt punastunt, et olt punastunut |
3rd singular | punastui | ei punastunt, ei punastunut | 3rd singular | oli punastunt, oli punastunut | ei olt punastunt, ei olt punastunut |
1st plural | punassuimma | emmä punastunneet | 1st plural | olimma punastunneet | emmä olleet punastunneet |
2nd plural | punassuitta | että punastunneet | 2nd plural | olitta punastunneet | että olleet punastunneet |
3rd plural | punastuit1), punastuivat2), punassuttii | evät punastunneet, ei punassuttu | 3rd plural | olivat punastunneet | evät olleet punastunneet, ei olt punassuttu |
impersonal | punassuttii | ei punassuttu | impersonal | oli punassuttu | ei olt punassuttu |
Konditsionala | |||||
Preesens | Perfekta | ||||
positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
1st singular | punastuisin | en punastuis | 1st singular | olisin punastunt, olisin punastunut | en olis punastunt, en olis punastunut |
2nd singular | punastuisit, punastuist1) | et punastuis | 2nd singular | olisit punastunt, olisit punastunut | et olis punastunt, et olis punastunut |
3rd singular | punastuis | ei punastuis | 3rd singular | olis punastunt, olis punastunut | ei olis punastunt, ei olis punastunut |
1st plural | punastuisimma | emmä punastuis | 1st plural | olisimma punastunneet | emmä olis punastunneet |
2nd plural | punastuisitta | että punastuis | 2nd plural | olisitta punastunneet | että olis punastunneet |
3rd plural | punastuisiit1), punastuisivat2), punassuttais | evät punastuis, ei punassuttais | 3rd plural | olisivat punastunneet | evät olis punastunneet, ei olis punassuttu |
impersonal | punassuttais | ei punassuttais | impersonal | olis punassuttu | ei olis punassuttu |
Imperativa | |||||
Preesens | Perfekta | ||||
positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
1st singular | — | — | 1st singular | — | — |
2nd singular | punassu | elä punassu | 2nd singular | oo punastunt, oo punastunut | elä oo punastunt, elä oo punastunut |
3rd singular | punastukkoo | elköö punastuko | 3rd singular | olkoo punastunt, olkoo punastunut | elköö olko punastunt, elköö olko punastunut |
1st plural | — | — | 1st plural | — | — |
2nd plural | punastukkaa | elkää punastuko | 2nd plural | olkaa punastunneet | elkää olko punastunneet |
3rd plural | punastukkoot | elkööt punastuko, elköö punassuttako | 3rd plural | olkoot punastunneet | elkööt olko punastunneet, elköö olko punassuttu |
impersonal | punassuttakoo | elköö punassuttako | impersonal | olkoo punassuttu | elköö olko punassuttu |
Potentsiala | |||||
Preesens | |||||
positive | negative | ||||
1st singular | punastunen | en punastune | |||
2nd singular | punastunet | et punastune | |||
3rd singular | punastunnoo | ei punastune | |||
1st plural | punastunemma | emmä punastune | |||
2nd plural | punastunetta | että punastune | |||
3rd plural | punastunnoot | evät punastune, ei punassuttane | |||
impersonal | punassuttanoo | ei punassuttane | |||
Nominal forms | |||||
Infinitivat | Partisipat | ||||
active | passive | ||||
1st | punastua | present | punastuva | punassuttava | |
2nd | inessive | punastues | past | punastunt, punastunut | punassuttu |
instructive | punastuen | 1) Chiefly in the Soikkola dialect. 2) Chiefly in the Ala-Laukaa dialect. *) For the imperative, the 2nd plural (punastukkaa) may be used for the 3rd person as well. **) The interrogative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka?/-kä?) to the indicative ***) The deliberative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka?/-kä?) or -kse to either the indicative or the potential ****) In folk poetry, a long first infinitive can be formed by adding the suffix -kse-, followed by possessive suffixes, to the first infinitive. Note that sometimes gemination may be undone by this addition. | |||
3rd | illative | punastummaa | |||
inessive | punastumas | ||||
elative | punastumast | ||||
abessive | punastumata | ||||
4th | nominative | punastumiin | |||
partitive | punastumista, punastumist |
References
- Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 441
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