proximus

Latin

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *prokʷism̥mos, from *prokʷe (whence prope). See also -issimus.

Pronunciation

Adjective

proximus (feminine proxima, neuter proximum); first/second declension

superlative degree of prope

  1. nearest, next, neighbor
    Synonyms: vīcīnus, propinquus, contiguus, fīnitimus
    Antonyms: remōtus, longinquus
    • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 1.157–158:
      Dēfessī Aeneadae quae proxima lītora cursū
      contendunt petere, et Libyae vertuntur ad ōrās.
      The weary followers of Aeneas hasten to find which [are] the nearest shores along [their] journey, and [so] they turn toward the coast of Libya.
  2. adjoining

Declension

First/second-declension adjective.

Number Singular Plural
Case / Gender Masculine Feminine Neuter Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nominative proximus proxima proximum proximī proximae proxima
Genitive proximī proximae proximī proximōrum proximārum proximōrum
Dative proximō proximō proximīs
Accusative proximum proximam proximum proximōs proximās proxima
Ablative proximō proximā proximō proximīs
Vocative proxime proxima proximum proximī proximae proxima

Antonyms

Derived terms

Descendants
  • Balkan Romance:
    • → Albanian: prozhëm (“small forest”)
  • Italo-Romance:
  • Padanian: (some modern forms likely influenced by Italian)
    • Friulian: prossim
    • Old Ligurian: prosem
    • Piedmontese: pròssim
    • Romansch: prossem
  • Northern Gallo-Romance:
    • Old French: proisme, proesme
      • Middle French: proisme, presme
      • → Middle English: prome
    • Poitevin-Saintongeais: presme
  • Southern Gallo-Romance:
    • Catalan: proïsme, pruyme
    • Old Occitan: prosme, pruesme
  • Insular Romance:
    • Sardinian: prossima (“pregnant (ref. to livestock)”)
  • Borrowings:

Adverb

proximus

  1. superlative degree of prope

Noun

proximus m (genitive proximī); second declension

  1. neighbour
    • 405 CE, Jerome, Vulgate Exodus.20.16:
      Non loqueris contra proximum tuum falsum testimonium.
      Thou shalt not bear false witness against thy neighbour.
  2. nearest person
  3. next person, next one

Declension

Second-declension noun.

Case Singular Plural
Nominative proximus proximī
Genitive proximī proximōrum
Dative proximō proximīs
Accusative proximum proximōs
Ablative proximō proximīs
Vocative proxime proximī

References
  • “proximus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “proximus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • proximus in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
  • proximus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
  • Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
    • the atmosphere: aer qui est terrae proximus
    • (ambiguous) to be not far away: prope (propius, proxime) abesse
    • (ambiguous) (1) last year; (2) next year: proximo anno
    • (ambiguous) to be very near the truth: proxime ad verum accedere
  • Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “prŏxĭmus”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volumes 9: Placabilis–Pyxis, page 489
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