physiognomy

• fisnomie, fisnomy, phisnomy, physnomie, physnomy, visnomie, visnomy (all obsolete)

Inherited from Middle English phisonomie, from Anglo-Norman phisenomie, Middle French phisonomie et al., ultimately from Late Latin physiognomia, from Ancient Greek φυσιογνωμονία (phusiognōmonía, “the science or art of judging a man by his features”), from φύσις (phúsis, “physique, appearance”) + γνώμων (gnṓmōn, “one that knows or examines, an interpreter, discerner”).

Middle English phisonomie would regularly develop into *physnomy /ˈfɪznəmi/ (forms of this type are common in Early Modern English, such as fisnomie in All's Well that Ends Well); the modern spelling and pronunciation are due to learned influence.

• (UK) IPA^(key): /fɪziˈɒnəmi/, (obsolete) /fɪziˈɒɡnəmi/

• Audio (Southern England)

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• (US, Canada) IPA^(key): /fɪziˈɑ(ɡ)nəmi/

physiognomy (countable and uncountable, plural physiognomies)

1. The art or pseudoscience of deducing the predominant temper and other characteristic qualities of the mind from the outward appearance, especially from the features of the face.
2. The face or countenance, with respect to the temper of the mind; particular configuration, cast, or expression of countenance, as denoting character.
   • c. 1604–1605 (date written), William Shakespeare, “All’s Well, that Ends Well”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene v], page 251, column 2:

     Faith ſir a has an Engliſh maine, but his fiſnomie is more hotter in France then there.

3. The art of telling fortunes by inspection of the features.
4. The general appearance or aspect of a thing, without reference to its scientific characteristics.

   the physiognomy of a plant; of a meteor

• See also Thesaurus:countenance

• physiognomist