phần
See also: Appendix:Variations of "phan"
Vietnamese
Etymology
Sino-Vietnamese word from 分 (“part; portion”), 份, from Middle Chinese 分 (bjunH), 份 (bjunH).
The huyền tone here is rather problematic. The regular tone derivation pattern, based on the original Middle Chinese tone and onset consonant would be as follows:
- 分 (bjunH, “portion”, 去聲/去声 (qùshēng, “departing tone”), 全濁聲母/全浊声母 (quánzhuó shēngmǔ, “voiced obstruent onset”)) > Vietnamese phận, Mandarin 分 (fèn), Cantonese 分 (fan6)
- 分 (pjun, “to divide”, 平聲/平声 (píngshēng, “level tone”), 清聲母/清声母 (qīng shēngmǔ, “voiceless obstruent onset”)) > Vietnamese phân, Mandarin 分 (fēn), Cantonese 分 (fan1)
The huyền tone suggests an unattested Middle Chinese reading:
- 分 (*bjun, “portion”, level tone, voiced obstruent onset) > Vietnamese phần
Alternatively, the huyền tone suggests non-Classical Chinese origin. Compare hè and hạ, mùi and vị, vì and vị.
Doublet of phân and phận. Cognate with Mandarin 分 (fèn) and Cantonese 分 (fan6). See also phần tử and phân tử, and Phần Lan.
Pronunciation
- (Hà Nội) IPA(key): [fən˨˩]
- (Huế) IPA(key): [fəŋ˦˩]
- (Hồ Chí Minh City) IPA(key): [fəŋ˨˩]
Audio (Hồ Chí Minh City) (file)
Noun
phần
- a part of something that may or may not be divided from a larger whole; a part, a portion, a ration, etc.
- phần lớn ― the majority
- (television) a season; a series
- Meronym: tập (“episode”)
- (film) a prequel or a sequel
- (arithmetic) a decimal place
- Coordinate term: hàng (“integer place”)
- phần chục ― the first decimal place; the tenths place
- phần trăm ― the second decimal place; the hundredths place
- phần nghìn ― the third decimal place; the thousandths place
- tenth part
- 2005, chapter 21, in Cao Tự Thanh, transl., Anh hùng xạ điêu, Văn học, translation of 射雕英雄传 by Jīn Yōng (Kim Dung):
- – Cha ta tinh thông thuật âm dương ngũ hành, con gái ông tự nhiên cũng biết được ba phần, […]
- "My father is expert in yin-yang and five-element techniques; as his daughter naturally I know a little as well, […]"
- (literally, “I know three tenths as well”)
Related terms
- đa phần (“majority”)
Particle
phần
- (arithmetic) used in fractions, between the numerator and the denominator; per; -th
- một phần tư ― one fourth
- năm mươi phần trăm ― fifty percent
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