perata
See also: perätä
Finnish
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *përgat'ak, possibly borrowed from Proto-Germanic *berganą (“to take care of, to keep”), in which case, a doublet with pärjätä. This has been disputed however.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈperɑtɑˣ/, [ˈpe̞rɑ̝t̪ɑ̝(ʔ)]
- Rhymes: -erɑtɑ
- Syllabification(key): pe‧ra‧ta
Verb
perata
- (transitive) to gut (eviscerate a fish)
- (transitive) to clean, pick (remove useless parts of something, such as cleaning berries or mushrooms etc.)
- (transitive) to weed (remove unwanted plants from farmland, a plant nursery, etc.)
- (transitive) to clean a body of water by removing rocks, vegetation etc. (in case of rivers or creeks, may also include straightening)
- (transitive) to clear (forestland, etc.) into a field, pasture, etc.
- Synonym: raivata
- 1899, August Ahlqvist, “Suomen valta”, in Kustavi Grotenfelt, editor, Väinölä: Helmivyö suomalaista runoutta, Porvoo: Werner Söderström:
- Suomalaisen kuokka, aura,
Kyntäneet on Suomenmaan,
Kasvoi vehnä taikka kaura,
Maa on meidän perkamaa.- The hoe, plough of a Finnish man,
has plowed the Finnish land,
Wheat or oats, no matter the grain,
the land was cleared by us
- The hoe, plough of a Finnish man,
Conjugation
| Inflection of perata (Kotus type 73*D/salata, k-∅ gradation) | |||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| indicative mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
| present tense | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st sing. | perkaan | en perkaa | 1st sing. | olen perannut | en ole perannut | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd sing. | perkaat | et perkaa | 2nd sing. | olet perannut | et ole perannut | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd sing. | perkaa | ei perkaa | 3rd sing. | on perannut | ei ole perannut | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st plur. | perkaamme | emme perkaa | 1st plur. | olemme peranneet | emme ole peranneet | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd plur. | perkaatte | ette perkaa | 2nd plur. | olette peranneet | ette ole peranneet | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd plur. | perkaavat | eivät perkaa | 3rd plur. | ovat peranneet | eivät ole peranneet | ||||||||||||||||
| passive | perataan | ei perata | passive | on perattu | ei ole perattu | ||||||||||||||||
| past tense | pluperfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st sing. | perkasin | en perannut | 1st sing. | olin perannut | en ollut perannut | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd sing. | perkasit | et perannut | 2nd sing. | olit perannut | et ollut perannut | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd sing. | perkasi | ei perannut | 3rd sing. | oli perannut | ei ollut perannut | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st plur. | perkasimme | emme peranneet | 1st plur. | olimme peranneet | emme olleet peranneet | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd plur. | perkasitte | ette peranneet | 2nd plur. | olitte peranneet | ette olleet peranneet | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd plur. | perkasivat | eivät peranneet | 3rd plur. | olivat peranneet | eivät olleet peranneet | ||||||||||||||||
| passive | perattiin | ei perattu | passive | oli perattu | ei ollut perattu | ||||||||||||||||
| conditional mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st sing. | perkaisin | en perkaisi | 1st sing. | olisin perannut | en olisi perannut | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd sing. | perkaisit | et perkaisi | 2nd sing. | olisit perannut | et olisi perannut | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd sing. | perkaisi | ei perkaisi | 3rd sing. | olisi perannut | ei olisi perannut | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st plur. | perkaisimme | emme perkaisi | 1st plur. | olisimme peranneet | emme olisi peranneet | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd plur. | perkaisitte | ette perkaisi | 2nd plur. | olisitte peranneet | ette olisi peranneet | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd plur. | perkaisivat | eivät perkaisi | 3rd plur. | olisivat peranneet | eivät olisi peranneet | ||||||||||||||||
| passive | perattaisiin | ei perattaisi | passive | olisi perattu | ei olisi perattu | ||||||||||||||||
| imperative mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st sing. | — | — | 1st sing. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd sing. | perkaa | älä perkaa | 2nd sing. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd sing. | peratkoon | älköön peratko | 3rd sing. | olkoon perannut | älköön olko perannut | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st plur. | peratkaamme | älkäämme peratko | 1st plur. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd plur. | peratkaa | älkää peratko | 2nd plur. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd plur. | peratkoot | älkööt peratko | 3rd plur. | olkoot peranneet | älkööt olko peranneet | ||||||||||||||||
| passive | perattakoon | älköön perattako | passive | olkoon perattu | älköön olko perattu | ||||||||||||||||
| potential mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st sing. | perannen | en peranne | 1st sing. | lienen perannut | en liene perannut | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd sing. | perannet | et peranne | 2nd sing. | lienet perannut | et liene perannut | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd sing. | perannee | ei peranne | 3rd sing. | lienee perannut | ei liene perannut | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st plur. | perannemme | emme peranne | 1st plur. | lienemme peranneet | emme liene peranneet | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd plur. | perannette | ette peranne | 2nd plur. | lienette peranneet | ette liene peranneet | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd plur. | perannevat | eivät peranne | 3rd plur. | lienevät peranneet | eivät liene peranneet | ||||||||||||||||
| passive | perattaneen | ei perattane | passive | lienee perattu | ei liene perattu | ||||||||||||||||
| Nominal forms | |||||||||||||||||||||
| infinitives | participles | ||||||||||||||||||||
| active | passive | active | passive | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1st | perata | present | perkaava | perattava | |||||||||||||||||
| long 1st1 |
|
past | perannut | perattu | |||||||||||||||||
| 2nd | inessive2 | peratessa | perattaessa | agent3 | perkaama | ||||||||||||||||
|
negative | perkaamaton | |||||||||||||||||||
| instructive | peraten | — | 1) Used only with a possessive suffix. 2) Usually with a possessive suffix (active only). | ||||||||||||||||||
| 3rd | inessive | perkaamassa | — | ||||||||||||||||||
| elative | perkaamasta | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| illative | perkaamaan | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| adessive | perkaamalla | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| abessive | perkaamatta | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| instructive | perkaaman | perattaman | |||||||||||||||||||
| 4th4 | verbal noun | perkaaminen | |||||||||||||||||||
| 5th1 |
| ||||||||||||||||||||
Further reading
- “perata”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03
Ludian
Malay
Noun
perata (Jawi spelling ڤرات, plural perata-perata, informal 1st possessive perataku, 2nd possessive peratamu, 3rd possessive peratanya)
Further reading
- “perata” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.
This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.