pencher

French

Etymology

Inherited from Vulgar Latin *pendicāre, from Latin pendere (“hang”). Compare pendre.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /pɑ̃.ʃe/
  • Audio(file)

Verb

pencher

  1. (transitive) to tilt, tip up
  2. (intransitive) to lean, list
  3. (intransitive) to lean towards (an opinion, idea etc.); to be inclined (to do something)
  4. (reflexive) to bend down, lean over
  5. (reflexive) to look into
    Je me pencherai sur le problème. I'll look into the problem.

Conjugation
Conjugation of pencher (see also Appendix:French verbs)
infinitive simple pencher
compound avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1 simple penchant
/pɑ̃.ʃɑ̃/
compound ayant + past participle
past participle penché
/pɑ̃.ʃe/
singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative je (j’) tu il, elle, on nous vous ils, elles
(simple
tenses)		 present penche
/pɑ̃ʃ/		 penches
/pɑ̃ʃ/		 penche
/pɑ̃ʃ/		 penchons
/pɑ̃.ʃɔ̃/		 penchez
/pɑ̃.ʃe/		 penchent
/pɑ̃ʃ/
imperfect penchais
/pɑ̃.ʃɛ/		 penchais
/pɑ̃.ʃɛ/		 penchait
/pɑ̃.ʃɛ/		 penchions
/pɑ̃.ʃjɔ̃/		 penchiez
/pɑ̃.ʃje/		 penchaient
/pɑ̃.ʃɛ/
past historic2 penchai
/pɑ̃.ʃe/		 penchas
/pɑ̃.ʃa/		 pencha
/pɑ̃.ʃa/		 penchâmes
/pɑ̃.ʃam/		 penchâtes
/pɑ̃.ʃat/		 penchèrent
/pɑ̃.ʃɛʁ/
future pencherai
/pɑ̃ʃ.ʁe/		 pencheras
/pɑ̃ʃ.ʁa/		 penchera
/pɑ̃ʃ.ʁa/		 pencherons
/pɑ̃ʃ.ʁɔ̃/		 pencherez
/pɑ̃ʃ.ʁe/		 pencheront
/pɑ̃ʃ.ʁɔ̃/
conditional pencherais
/pɑ̃ʃ.ʁɛ/		 pencherais
/pɑ̃ʃ.ʁɛ/		 pencherait
/pɑ̃ʃ.ʁɛ/		 pencherions
/pɑ̃.ʃə.ʁjɔ̃/		 pencheriez
/pɑ̃.ʃə.ʁje/		 pencheraient
/pɑ̃ʃ.ʁɛ/
(compound
tenses)		 present perfect present indicative of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
past anterior2 past historic of avoir + past participle
future perfect future of avoir + past participle
conditional perfect conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive que je (j’) que tu qu’il, qu’elle que nous que vous qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple
tenses)		 present penche
/pɑ̃ʃ/		 penches
/pɑ̃ʃ/		 penche
/pɑ̃ʃ/		 penchions
/pɑ̃.ʃjɔ̃/		 penchiez
/pɑ̃.ʃje/		 penchent
/pɑ̃ʃ/
imperfect2 penchasse
/pɑ̃.ʃas/		 penchasses
/pɑ̃.ʃas/		 penchât
/pɑ̃.ʃa/		 penchassions
/pɑ̃.ʃa.sjɔ̃/		 penchassiez
/pɑ̃.ʃa.sje/		 penchassent
/pɑ̃.ʃas/
(compound
tenses)		 past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
pluperfect2 imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative – tu – nous vous –
simple — penche
/pɑ̃ʃ/		 — penchons
/pɑ̃.ʃɔ̃/		 penchez
/pɑ̃.ʃe/		 —
compound — simple imperative of avoir + past participle — simple imperative of avoir + past participle simple imperative of avoir + past participle —
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
  • past historic → present perfect
  • past anterior → pluperfect
  • imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive
  • pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive

(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

  • pente (“slope, gradient”)

Further reading
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