paṭhama
Pali
| 1st | 2nd > | |
|---|---|---|
| Cardinal : eka Ordinal : paṭhama | ||
Alternative forms
Etymology
Inherited from Sanskrit प्रथम (prathama). The retroflexion is caused by assimilation to the r before it was dropped.
Adjective
paṭhama
- primary, first
- foremost
- (grammar) When qualifying purisa (“person”), it translates as “third”.
- c. 500 AD, Kaccāyana, Pālivyākaraṇaṃ [Pali Grammar], page 252; republished as Satish Chandra Acharyya Vidyabhusana, editor, Kaccayana's Pali Grammar (edited in Devanagari character and translated into English), Calcutta, Bengal: Mahabodhi Society, 1901:
- नामम्हि पयुज्जमानेपि अप्पयुज्ज्मानेपि तुल्याधिकरणे पठमो पुरिसो होति।
- Nāmamhi payujjamānepi appayujjamānepi tulyādhikaraṇe paṭhamo puriso hoti.
- The third person is used when in agreement with a noun be it expressed or unexpressed.
Declension
Declension table of "paṭhama" (masculine)
| Case \ Number | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative (first) | paṭhamo | paṭhamā |
| Accusative (second) | paṭhamaṃ | paṭhame |
| Instrumental (third) | paṭhamena | paṭhamehi or paṭhamebhi |
| Dative (fourth) | paṭhamassa or paṭhamāya or paṭhamatthaṃ | paṭhamānaṃ |
| Ablative (fifth) | paṭhamasmā or paṭhamamhā or paṭhamā | paṭhamehi or paṭhamebhi |
| Genitive (sixth) | paṭhamassa | paṭhamānaṃ |
| Locative (seventh) | paṭhamasmiṃ or paṭhamamhi or paṭhame | paṭhamesu |
| Vocative (calling) | paṭhama | paṭhamā |
Declension table of "paṭhamā" (feminine)
| Case \ Number | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative (first) | paṭhamā | paṭhamāyo or paṭhamā |
| Accusative (second) | paṭhamaṃ | paṭhamāyo or paṭhamā |
| Instrumental (third) | paṭhamāya | paṭhamāhi or paṭhamābhi |
| Dative (fourth) | paṭhamāya | paṭhamānaṃ |
| Ablative (fifth) | paṭhamāya | paṭhamāhi or paṭhamābhi |
| Genitive (sixth) | paṭhamāya | paṭhamānaṃ |
| Locative (seventh) | paṭhamāya or paṭhamāyaṃ | paṭhamāsu |
| Vocative (calling) | paṭhame | paṭhamāyo or paṭhamā |
Declension table of "paṭhama" (neuter)
| Case \ Number | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative (first) | paṭhamaṃ | paṭhamāni |
| Accusative (second) | paṭhamaṃ | paṭhamāni |
| Instrumental (third) | paṭhamena | paṭhamehi or paṭhamebhi |
| Dative (fourth) | paṭhamassa or paṭhamāya or paṭhamatthaṃ | paṭhamānaṃ |
| Ablative (fifth) | paṭhamasmā or paṭhamamhā or paṭhamā | paṭhamehi or paṭhamebhi |
| Genitive (sixth) | paṭhamassa | paṭhamānaṃ |
| Locative (seventh) | paṭhamasmiṃ or paṭhamamhi or paṭhame | paṭhamesu |
| Vocative (calling) | paṭhama | paṭhamāni |
Descendants
References
- Pali Text Society (1921–1925) “paṭhama”, in Pali-English Dictionary, London: Chipstead
- Warder A.K. (2001) Introduction to Pali (overall work in English), Oxford: The Pali Text Society, page 125
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