nirhata
Finnish
Etymology
According to SSA, of sound-symbolic origin and comparable to nyrhi and närhiä (“to cut away with a blunt tool, little by little”).[1]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈnirhɑtɑˣ/, [ˈnirhɑ̝t̪ɑ̝(ʔ)]
- Rhymes: -irhɑtɑ
- Syllabification(key): nir‧ha‧ta
Verb
nirhata
Conjugation
| Inflection of nirhata (Kotus type 73/salata, no gradation) | |||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| indicative mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
| present tense | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st sing. | nirhaan | en nirhaa | 1st sing. | olen nirhannut | en ole nirhannut | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd sing. | nirhaat | et nirhaa | 2nd sing. | olet nirhannut | et ole nirhannut | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd sing. | nirhaa | ei nirhaa | 3rd sing. | on nirhannut | ei ole nirhannut | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st plur. | nirhaamme | emme nirhaa | 1st plur. | olemme nirhanneet | emme ole nirhanneet | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd plur. | nirhaatte | ette nirhaa | 2nd plur. | olette nirhanneet | ette ole nirhanneet | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd plur. | nirhaavat | eivät nirhaa | 3rd plur. | ovat nirhanneet | eivät ole nirhanneet | ||||||||||||||||
| passive | nirhataan | ei nirhata | passive | on nirhattu | ei ole nirhattu | ||||||||||||||||
| past tense | pluperfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st sing. | nirhasin | en nirhannut | 1st sing. | olin nirhannut | en ollut nirhannut | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd sing. | nirhasit | et nirhannut | 2nd sing. | olit nirhannut | et ollut nirhannut | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd sing. | nirhasi | ei nirhannut | 3rd sing. | oli nirhannut | ei ollut nirhannut | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st plur. | nirhasimme | emme nirhanneet | 1st plur. | olimme nirhanneet | emme olleet nirhanneet | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd plur. | nirhasitte | ette nirhanneet | 2nd plur. | olitte nirhanneet | ette olleet nirhanneet | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd plur. | nirhasivat | eivät nirhanneet | 3rd plur. | olivat nirhanneet | eivät olleet nirhanneet | ||||||||||||||||
| passive | nirhattiin | ei nirhattu | passive | oli nirhattu | ei ollut nirhattu | ||||||||||||||||
| conditional mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st sing. | nirhaisin | en nirhaisi | 1st sing. | olisin nirhannut | en olisi nirhannut | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd sing. | nirhaisit | et nirhaisi | 2nd sing. | olisit nirhannut | et olisi nirhannut | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd sing. | nirhaisi | ei nirhaisi | 3rd sing. | olisi nirhannut | ei olisi nirhannut | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st plur. | nirhaisimme | emme nirhaisi | 1st plur. | olisimme nirhanneet | emme olisi nirhanneet | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd plur. | nirhaisitte | ette nirhaisi | 2nd plur. | olisitte nirhanneet | ette olisi nirhanneet | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd plur. | nirhaisivat | eivät nirhaisi | 3rd plur. | olisivat nirhanneet | eivät olisi nirhanneet | ||||||||||||||||
| passive | nirhattaisiin | ei nirhattaisi | passive | olisi nirhattu | ei olisi nirhattu | ||||||||||||||||
| imperative mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st sing. | — | — | 1st sing. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd sing. | nirhaa | älä nirhaa | 2nd sing. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd sing. | nirhatkoon | älköön nirhatko | 3rd sing. | olkoon nirhannut | älköön olko nirhannut | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st plur. | nirhatkaamme | älkäämme nirhatko | 1st plur. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd plur. | nirhatkaa | älkää nirhatko | 2nd plur. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd plur. | nirhatkoot | älkööt nirhatko | 3rd plur. | olkoot nirhanneet | älkööt olko nirhanneet | ||||||||||||||||
| passive | nirhattakoon | älköön nirhattako | passive | olkoon nirhattu | älköön olko nirhattu | ||||||||||||||||
| potential mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st sing. | nirhannen | en nirhanne | 1st sing. | lienen nirhannut | en liene nirhannut | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd sing. | nirhannet | et nirhanne | 2nd sing. | lienet nirhannut | et liene nirhannut | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd sing. | nirhannee | ei nirhanne | 3rd sing. | lienee nirhannut | ei liene nirhannut | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st plur. | nirhannemme | emme nirhanne | 1st plur. | lienemme nirhanneet | emme liene nirhanneet | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd plur. | nirhannette | ette nirhanne | 2nd plur. | lienette nirhanneet | ette liene nirhanneet | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd plur. | nirhannevat | eivät nirhanne | 3rd plur. | lienevät nirhanneet | eivät liene nirhanneet | ||||||||||||||||
| passive | nirhattaneen | ei nirhattane | passive | lienee nirhattu | ei liene nirhattu | ||||||||||||||||
| Nominal forms | |||||||||||||||||||||
| infinitives | participles | ||||||||||||||||||||
| active | passive | active | passive | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1st | nirhata | present | nirhaava | nirhattava | |||||||||||||||||
| long 1st1 |
|
past | nirhannut | nirhattu | |||||||||||||||||
| 2nd | inessive2 | nirhatessa | nirhattaessa | agent3 | nirhaama | ||||||||||||||||
|
negative | nirhaamaton | |||||||||||||||||||
| instructive | nirhaten | — | 1) Used only with a possessive suffix. 2) Usually with a possessive suffix (active only). | ||||||||||||||||||
| 3rd | inessive | nirhaamassa | — | ||||||||||||||||||
| elative | nirhaamasta | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| illative | nirhaamaan | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| adessive | nirhaamalla | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| abessive | nirhaamatta | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| instructive | nirhaaman | nirhattaman | |||||||||||||||||||
| 4th4 | verbal noun | nirhaaminen | |||||||||||||||||||
| 5th1 |
| ||||||||||||||||||||
References
Further reading
- “nirhata”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03
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