mixed-member proportional

mixed-member proportional (uncountable)

1. A voting system used in Germany and New Zealand in which voters get two votes, one for a local representative MP and one for a political party, and in which the number of seats that a party gets in parliament is based on the percentage of votes that the party receives.
   • 2001, Matthew Shugart, Martin P. Wattenberg, Mixed-Member Electoral Systems: The Best of Both Worlds?, →ISBN, page 205:

     First, by abolishing the closed party lists for more than a half of the Chamber of Deputies, the mixed-member proportional system would help create direct linkages between parties, constituencies, and legislators.

   • 2010, Alan Renwick -, The Politics of Electoral Reform: Changing the Rules of Democracy, →ISBN:

     Though this distribution would generally be sufficient to provide full proportionality, linkage between the tiers was based on votes rather than seats, and it is for this reason that the system is classified as MMM with partial compensation rather than full mixed-member proportional (MMP).

   • 2011, Carl W. Dundas, The Lag of 21St Century Democratic Elections, →ISBN:

     The mixed member proportional (MMP) entails the linking of two types of elections -- the PR and the majority/plurality types.