marnaid
Old Irish
Etymology
From Proto-Celtic *marnati, from Proto-Indo-European *merh₂-.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈmar͈n͈ɨðʲ]
Inflection
Historically, this verb is expected to belong to present class B IV, as the stem-final n is found only in the present stem, but the palatalization of the rn cluster in the third-person singular present conjunct form ·mairn forms shows that it is in the process of being taken over into another class. In Middle Irish it is often inflected as a weak verb of class A II, as shown by the third-person plural present absolute form mairnit and the third-person singular perfect form ro·mairnestar, in which the n has spread beyond the present tense.
Simple, class B IV present, t preterite, é future, a subjunctive
| 1st sg. | 2nd sg. | 3rd sg. | 1st pl. | 2nd pl. | 3rd pl. | Passive sg. | Passive pl. | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present indicative | Abs. | ||||||||
| Conj. | ·mairn | ||||||||
| Rel. | |||||||||
| Imperfect indicative | |||||||||
| Preterite | Abs. | ||||||||
| Conj. | ·mertamar | ||||||||
| Rel. | |||||||||
| Perfect | Deut. | ro·mert | ro·mertatar | ||||||
| Prot. | ·rumart | ||||||||
| Future | Abs. | ·mérthir | |||||||
| Conj. | ·méra | ·mérat | |||||||
| Rel. | |||||||||
| Conditional | ·mérad | ||||||||
| Present subjunctive | Abs. | ||||||||
| Conj. | ·mera | ·romrat (ro-form) | |||||||
| Rel. | |||||||||
| Past subjunctive | ·merad | ||||||||
| Imperative | |||||||||
| Verbal noun | mrath | ||||||||
| Past participle | |||||||||
| Verbal of necessity | |||||||||
Descendants
- Middle Irish: mairnid
- ⇒ Irish: braith (denominative from the verbal noun)
Mutation
| Old Irish mutation | ||
|---|---|---|
| Radical | Lenition | Nasalization |
| marnaid also mmarnaid after a proclitic |
marnaid pronounced with /ṽ(ʲ)-/ |
unchanged |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | ||
Further reading
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “mairnid”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- Pedersen, Holger (1913) Vergleichende Grammatik der keltischen Sprachen (in German), volume II, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck und Ruprecht, →ISBN, page 575
This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.