ljúfr

Old Norse

Etymology

From Proto-Norse ᛚᛖᚢᛒᚨᛉ (leubaʀ), from Proto-Germanic *leubaz, from Proto-Indo-European *lewbʰ- (“to like; love”). Related to modern English love.

Adjective

ljúfr (comparative ljúfari, superlative ljúfastr)

  1. dear, beloved
  2. mild, gentle

Declension
    Strong declension of ljúfr
singular masculine feminine neuter
nominative ljúfr ljúf ljúft
accusative ljúfan ljúfa ljúft
dative ljúfum ljúfri ljúfu
genitive ljúfs ljúfrar ljúfs
plural masculine feminine neuter
nominative ljúfir ljúfar ljúf
accusative ljúfa ljúfar ljúf
dative ljúfum ljúfum ljúfum
genitive ljúfra ljúfra ljúfra
    Weak declension of ljúfr
singular masculine feminine neuter
nominative ljúfi ljúfa ljúfa
accusative ljúfa ljúfu ljúfa
dative ljúfa ljúfu ljúfa
genitive ljúfa ljúfu ljúfa
plural masculine feminine neuter
nominative ljúfu ljúfu ljúfu
accusative ljúfu ljúfu ljúfu
dative ljúfum ljúfum ljúfum
genitive ljúfu ljúfu ljúfu
    Declension of comparative of ljúfr
singular masculine feminine neuter
nominative ljúfari ljúfari ljúfara
accusative ljúfara ljúfari ljúfara
dative ljúfara ljúfari ljúfara
genitive ljúfara ljúfari ljúfara
plural masculine feminine neuter
nominative ljúfari ljúfari ljúfari
accusative ljúfari ljúfari ljúfari
dative ljúfurum ljúfurum ljúfurum
genitive ljúfari ljúfari ljúfari
    Strong declension of superlative of ljúfr
singular masculine feminine neuter
nominative ljúfastr ljúfust ljúfast
accusative ljúfastan ljúfasta ljúfast
dative ljúfustum ljúfastri ljúfustu
genitive ljúfasts ljúfastrar ljúfasts
plural masculine feminine neuter
nominative ljúfastir ljúfastar ljúfust
accusative ljúfasta ljúfastar ljúfust
dative ljúfustum ljúfustum ljúfustum
genitive ljúfastra ljúfastra ljúfastra
    Weak declension of superlative of ljúfr
singular masculine feminine neuter
nominative ljúfasti ljúfasta ljúfasta
accusative ljúfasta ljúfustu ljúfasta
dative ljúfasta ljúfustu ljúfasta
genitive ljúfasta ljúfustu ljúfasta
plural masculine feminine neuter
nominative ljúfustu ljúfustu ljúfustu
accusative ljúfustu ljúfustu ljúfustu
dative ljúfustum ljúfustum ljúfustum
genitive ljúfustu ljúfustu ljúfustu

Derived terms
  • ljúft ok leitt (“weal and woe”)
  • lof (“praise”)

Descendants
  • Icelandic: ljúfur
  • Faroese: ljúvur
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: ljuv
  • Old Swedish: liūver, liufwer
    • Swedish: ljuv, ljuf (pre-1906 spelling)
  • Old Danish: ljuv

References
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