liquefare
Italian
Etymology
Borrowed from Latin liquefacere (“to melt; to dissolve”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /li.kweˈfa.re/
- Rhymes: -are
- Hyphenation: li‧que‧fà‧re
Verb
liquefàre (first-person singular present liquefàccio, first-person singular past historic liqueféci, past participle liquefàtto, first-person singular imperfect liquefacévo, second-person singular imperative liquefài or liquefà', auxiliary avére)
- (transitive) to liquefy, to melt (to turn from solid to liquid)
- Synonyms: fondere, sciogliere
- 1478, Giovan Battista Romano e Colonna, “Libro 2 [Book 2]”, in Della congiura de' ministri del re di Spagna, contro la fedeliss. ed esemplare citta di Messina [Of the conspiracy of the ministers of the king of Spain against the most loyal, and exemplary city of Messina], volume 2, Lyon: published by Jean Anisson and Jean Posuel, page 172:
- per non aver più danari, con che pagare i soldati, risolsero liquefare nel fuoco la cascia di Argento, dove riposte stavano le reliquie del Glor. martire San Placido
- Having no more money to pay the soldiers, they decided to melt the silver box, wherein the relics of glorious martyr Saint Placidus were, in the fire
- 1592 [1581], “Lib. ⅠⅠⅠⅠ., Cap. ⅩⅩⅦ. Delle donne maritate, et de' lor molti figliuoli [Book 4, Chapter 27 - Of married women, and their many children]”, in Basilio Pallavicino, transl., Del viver delli romani, et di conservar la sanità [Of the Roman lifestyle, and maintaining health], Rome: published by Domenico Basa, translation of De victu Romanorum et de sanitate tuenda by Alessandro Petronio (in Medieval Latin), page 264:
- Hanno da lassar affatto tutte le specie, et il petroselino, perche quelle scaldano troppo, et liquefanno il corpo
- They are to abstain from all spices, and parsley, for they create too much heat, and liquefy the body
- 1605 [1304–1309], “Libro nono, Cap. ⅩⅩⅩⅡ. Del morbo sculmato, e sua cura. [Ninth book, Chapter 32 - Of the illness of lientery, and cure thereof]”, in Bastiano de' Rossi, transl., Trattato dell'agricoltura [Treatise on agriculture], Florence: published by Cosimo Giusti, translation of Ruralium commodorum libri Ⅻ by Pietro De' Crescenzi, page 427:
- tanto della pece navale, quanto dell'altre cose, e si polverizzino, e insieme tutte queste cose si liquefacciano
- [Take] naval pitch in as much quantity as the other things, and grind them into dust, and liquefy all these things together
- 1659, Giovanni Paolo Oliva, Prediche dette nel Palazzo Apostolico da Gio. Paolo Oliva, Venice: Gio. Casoni, page 105:
- Se il Sangue di Cristo bollisse ne' nostri cuori, liquefarebbe i ghiacci anche centenarij del Caucaso.
- If the blood of Christ were boiling inside our hearts, it would melt even the centuries-old ice of Caucasus.
- 1770, Francesco Griselini, “Composizioni di Kunckel [Kunckel's compounds]”, in Dizionario delle arti e de' mestieri [Dictionary of arts and crafts], volume 8, Venice: Modesto Fenzo, page 244:
- prendete di litargirio 12 lb. di magnesia 1; fate liquefare
- Take 12 lbs. of litharge, and 1 of magnesia: have them melt
- 1858, “Nota Ⅴ alla pag. 4 [Note #5 on page 4]”, in Memorie dell'I. R. Istituto Lombardo di scienze, lettere ed arti [Works of the Italian Royal Lombard Institute of science, literature, and arts], volume 7, number 1, Milan: Tipografia Bernardoni, page 63:
- Ora, secondo recenti calcoli, […] si ha che la superficie terrestre perde annualmente […] tanto calorico, quanto basterebbe a liquefare uno strato di ghiaccio alto millimetri 6 ½
- Now, according to recent calculations, the Earth's surface loses so much heat, annually, that it would be enough to liquefy a 6.5-millimeter-thick ice sheet
- 1969 [c. 300 BCE], Liou Kia-hway [Traditional Han: 劉家槐, Pinyin: Liú Jiāhuái], transl., L'œuvre complète de Tchouang-tseu, translation of Zhuang-zi by 莊周 [Zhuang Zhou] (in Old Chinese); translated as “Libertà naturale [Natural Freedom]”, in Carlo Laurenti, Christine Leverd, transl., Zhuang-zi [Chuang-tzu] (Gli Adelphi; 41), 6th edition, Milan: Adelphi Edizioni, published 2010, 1982, →ISBN, page 17:
- Se le acque si alzassero fino al cielo, non annegherebbero. Se la siccità liquefacesse i metalli e infiammasse le montagne, non ne sarebbero neppure sfiorati.
- If the waters were to rise to the skies, they wouldn't drown. If drought were to liquefy metals, and set fire to the mountains, they wouldn't even be touched by it.
- (transitive, figurative, rare) to consume
- Synonym: consumare
- 1581 [late 14th century], Bartolomeo Scalvo, Meditationi infiammatorie dell'anima christiana [Inflammatory meditations for the christian soul], Venice: published by Giovanni Varisco et Compagni, translation of Stimulus divini amoris by Walter Hilton, Prima parte, pages 18–19:
- Ò ferite, ò piaghe, che trapassate i cuori di sasso, infiammate le congelate menti, ¶ et li petti adamantini liquefate per tanto amore.
- Oh, wounds! Oh, scars! You, who pierce the hearts of stone, enflame the frozen minds, and melt the adamantine chests with such love!
- 1793, “Salmo ⅭⅩⅧ [Psalm 118]”, in Poesie ebraiche [Hebrew poems] (Parnaso de' poeti classici d'ogni nazione; 3), volume 3, Venice: published by Antonio Zatta e figli, page 209:
- Ne’ tuoi misterj io liquefaccio il petto.
- I melt my bosom in your mysteries.
- (transitive, physics) to condense (to transform from a gaseous state into a liquid state)
- Synonym: condensare
- Antonym: vaporizzare
- 1878 January 15, “Liquefazione del biossido d'azoto [Condensation of nitrogen dioxide]”, in Il progresso: rivista delle nuove invenzioni e scoperte [Progress - Journal of new inventions and discoveries], 6th edition, number 1, Turin: Tipografia DeRossi, page 7:
- Faraday, come ognuno sa, era giunto a liquefare parecchi gaz permanenti mediante il freddo rapido ed intenso che si ottiene coll'acido carbonico solido.
- As everyone knows, Faraday had managed to condense many permanent gases through the quick, intense cold obtained with solid carbonic acid.
- 2021, Il libro della scienza [The book of science], Edizioni Mondadori, translation of The Intelligent Man's Guide to Science by Isaac Asimov, page 433:
- Pertanto, per liquefare un gas si doveva prima di tutto essere certi di operare al di sotto della temperatura critica, se non si voleva buttare via il proprio tempo.
- Therefore, in order to condense a gas, one had to, first of all, make sure they were operating below critical temperature, if they didn't want to waste their own time.
Conjugation
1With syntactic gemination after the verb.
Including lesser-used and nonstandard forms:
1Literary, archaic or regional.
2Proscribed.
3Disused.
Derived terms
Related terms
Further reading
- liquefare in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana
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