lavieren
German
Etymology
Borrowed from Middle Low German lavēren, from Middle Dutch laveren, loveren, which is derived from the cognate of German Luv (“windward side of the ship”). It is often supposed that the Dutch verb is borrowed from Middle French lofuyer, from lof (“windward side”), itself a Dutch borrowing in Middle French. The phonetics of the Dutch word speak in favour of this, but the earliest French attestation is no less than 200 years younger than the earliest one in Dutch. Compare modern Dutch laveren, modern French louvoyer.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /laˈviːʁən/, [laˈviːʁən], [laˈviː.ɐn]
Audio (file) Audio (file) Audio (Austria) (file)
Verb
lavieren (weak, third-person singular present laviert, past tense lavierte, past participle laviert, auxiliary haben)
- (nautical) to tack (manoeuvre a ship through strong winds)
- (figurative) to manoeuvre so as to avoid difficulties
Conjugation
| infinitive | lavieren | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present participle | lavierend | ||||
| past participle | laviert | ||||
| auxiliary | haben | ||||
| indicative | subjunctive | ||||
| singular | plural | singular | plural | ||
| present | ich laviere | wir lavieren | i | ich laviere | wir lavieren |
| du lavierst | ihr laviert | du lavierest | ihr lavieret | ||
| er laviert | sie lavieren | er laviere | sie lavieren | ||
| preterite | ich lavierte | wir lavierten | ii | ich lavierte1 | wir lavierten1 |
| du laviertest | ihr laviertet | du laviertest1 | ihr laviertet1 | ||
| er lavierte | sie lavierten | er lavierte1 | sie lavierten1 | ||
| imperative | lavier (du) laviere (du) |
laviert (ihr) | |||
1Rare except in very formal contexts; alternative in würde normally preferred.
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