kutsua
Finnish
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *kuccudak, from earlier *kućću-; akin to the Samic verb reflected in e.g. Northern Sami goččut. Contains the reflexive suffix -u-. The root is probably borrowed from Baltic (compare Lithuanian kviesti (“to call, to sue, to ask”), from earlier *kvaitja-).[1] Alternatively, it may be of Germanic origin (compare Old Norse kveðja (“to greet, to call upon, to demand”)). Uralic inheritance has also been suggested, in light of Eastern Khanty [script needed] (kut́-), Northern Khanty [script needed] (χuś-, “to teach, to tempt”) (suggesting a Proto-Uralic verb *kuććɜ-), for which an alternative etymology is however known as well.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈkutsuɑˣ/, [ˈkuts̠uɑ̝(ʔ)]
- Rhymes: -utsuɑ
- Syllabification(key): kut‧su‧a
Verb
kutsua
- (transitive) to invite (to/for = allative/illative, to do = illative of the third infinitive)
- Kutsuin isän päivälliselle.
- I invited my father for dinner.
- (transitive, usually atelic) to beckon, call, call for summon (to shout out in order to summon)
- Nojauduin ulos takaovesta ja kutsuin Lucya.
- I leant out of the back door and called for Lucy.
- Olkaa hyvä ja istuutukaa. Teitä kutsutaan sukunimellä.
- Please have a seat. You will be called by the surname.
- (transitive, usually atelic) to call, name, dub, go by (+ translative)
- Synonym: sanoa
- Hänen alaisensa kutsuvat häntä epäkunnioittavasti vänrikki Nappulaksi.
- His subordinates disrespectfully call him lieutenant Fuzz.
- Hän kutsui minua Pertiksi, mutta en antanut sen haitata.
- He called me Pertti, but I did not let it bother me.
- Hänen koko nimensä on Ernest Tinkleton, mutta häntä kutsutaan Ernieksi.
- His full name is Ernest Tinkleton, but he goes by Ernie.
- (transitive) to call up (to select e.g. to a sports squad)
- (transitive) to muster, call out (to collect, call or assemble together, such as troops or a group; enroll into service, to order into service)
- kutsua koolle ― to muster
- kutsua kokoon ― to muster
- Kuvernööri kutsui kansalliskaartin palvelukseen.
- The Governor called out the National Guard.
- (transitive) to hail, call out (to voice loudly in order to gain the attention of)
- kutsua taksi ― to hail a taxi / to call out a taxi
Conjugation
Inflection of kutsua (Kotus type 52/sanoa, no gradation) | |||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
indicative mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present tense | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | kutsun | en kutsu | 1st sing. | olen kutsunut | en ole kutsunut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | kutsut | et kutsu | 2nd sing. | olet kutsunut | et ole kutsunut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | kutsuu | ei kutsu | 3rd sing. | on kutsunut | ei ole kutsunut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | kutsumme | emme kutsu | 1st plur. | olemme kutsuneet | emme ole kutsuneet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | kutsutte | ette kutsu | 2nd plur. | olette kutsuneet | ette ole kutsuneet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | kutsuvat | eivät kutsu | 3rd plur. | ovat kutsuneet | eivät ole kutsuneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | kutsutaan | ei kutsuta | passive | on kutsuttu | ei ole kutsuttu | ||||||||||||||||
past tense | pluperfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | kutsuin | en kutsunut | 1st sing. | olin kutsunut | en ollut kutsunut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | kutsuit | et kutsunut | 2nd sing. | olit kutsunut | et ollut kutsunut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | kutsui | ei kutsunut | 3rd sing. | oli kutsunut | ei ollut kutsunut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | kutsuimme | emme kutsuneet | 1st plur. | olimme kutsuneet | emme olleet kutsuneet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | kutsuitte | ette kutsuneet | 2nd plur. | olitte kutsuneet | ette olleet kutsuneet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | kutsuivat | eivät kutsuneet | 3rd plur. | olivat kutsuneet | eivät olleet kutsuneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | kutsuttiin | ei kutsuttu | passive | oli kutsuttu | ei ollut kutsuttu | ||||||||||||||||
conditional mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | kutsuisin | en kutsuisi | 1st sing. | olisin kutsunut | en olisi kutsunut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | kutsuisit | et kutsuisi | 2nd sing. | olisit kutsunut | et olisi kutsunut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | kutsuisi | ei kutsuisi | 3rd sing. | olisi kutsunut | ei olisi kutsunut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | kutsuisimme | emme kutsuisi | 1st plur. | olisimme kutsuneet | emme olisi kutsuneet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | kutsuisitte | ette kutsuisi | 2nd plur. | olisitte kutsuneet | ette olisi kutsuneet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | kutsuisivat | eivät kutsuisi | 3rd plur. | olisivat kutsuneet | eivät olisi kutsuneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | kutsuttaisiin | ei kutsuttaisi | passive | olisi kutsuttu | ei olisi kutsuttu | ||||||||||||||||
imperative mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | — | — | 1st sing. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | kutsu | älä kutsu | 2nd sing. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | kutsukoon | älköön kutsuko | 3rd sing. | olkoon kutsunut | älköön olko kutsunut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | kutsukaamme | älkäämme kutsuko | 1st plur. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | kutsukaa | älkää kutsuko | 2nd plur. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | kutsukoot | älkööt kutsuko | 3rd plur. | olkoot kutsuneet | älkööt olko kutsuneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | kutsuttakoon | älköön kutsuttako | passive | olkoon kutsuttu | älköön olko kutsuttu | ||||||||||||||||
potential mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | kutsunen | en kutsune | 1st sing. | lienen kutsunut | en liene kutsunut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | kutsunet | et kutsune | 2nd sing. | lienet kutsunut | et liene kutsunut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | kutsunee | ei kutsune | 3rd sing. | lienee kutsunut | ei liene kutsunut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | kutsunemme | emme kutsune | 1st plur. | lienemme kutsuneet | emme liene kutsuneet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | kutsunette | ette kutsune | 2nd plur. | lienette kutsuneet | ette liene kutsuneet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | kutsunevat | eivät kutsune | 3rd plur. | lienevät kutsuneet | eivät liene kutsuneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | kutsuttaneen | ei kutsuttane | passive | lienee kutsuttu | ei liene kutsuttu | ||||||||||||||||
Nominal forms | |||||||||||||||||||||
infinitives | participles | ||||||||||||||||||||
active | passive | active | passive | ||||||||||||||||||
1st | kutsua | present | kutsuva | kutsuttava | |||||||||||||||||
long 1st1 |
|
past | kutsunut | kutsuttu | |||||||||||||||||
2nd | inessive2 | kutsuessa | kutsuttaessa | agent3 | kutsuma | ||||||||||||||||
|
negative | kutsumaton | |||||||||||||||||||
instructive | kutsuen | — | 1) Used only with a possessive suffix. 2) Usually with a possessive suffix (active only). | ||||||||||||||||||
3rd | inessive | kutsumassa | — | ||||||||||||||||||
elative | kutsumasta | — | |||||||||||||||||||
illative | kutsumaan | — | |||||||||||||||||||
adessive | kutsumalla | — | |||||||||||||||||||
abessive | kutsumatta | — | |||||||||||||||||||
instructive | kutsuman | kutsuttaman | |||||||||||||||||||
4th4 | verbal noun | kutsuminen | |||||||||||||||||||
5th1 |
|
Derived terms
References
- Junttila, Santeri, Kallio, Petri, Holopainen, Sampsa, Kuokkala, Juha, Pystynen, Juho, editors (2020–), “kutsua”, in Suomen vanhimman sanaston etymologinen verkkosanakirja (in Finnish), retrieved 2024-01-01
Further reading
- “kutsua”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02
Ingrian
Pronunciation
- (Ala-Laukaa) IPA(key): /ˈkut͡suɑ/, [ˈkut͡s̠o̞]
- (Soikkola) IPA(key): /ˈkut͡suɑ/, [ˈkut͡suɑ]
- Rhymes: -ut͡soː, -ut͡suɑ
- Hyphenation: kut‧su‧a
Verb
kutsua
- (transitive) to invite
- Minnua ei kutsuttu praaznikkaa. ― I wasn't invited to the party.
- (ditransitive, + translative) to call; name
- Hää kutsui tämän elokkaan koiraks. ― He called this animal a dog.
- 1936, V. I. Junus, Iƶoran Keelen Grammatikka, Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 3:
- Osa iƶoroist veel nytkii kutsuu itsiätä karjalaisiks.
- Some Ingrians even now still call themselves Karelians.
Conjugation
Conjugation of kutsua (type 1/ampua, no gradation) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indikativa | |||||
Preesens | Perfekta | ||||
positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
1st singular | kutsun | en kutsu | 1st singular | oon kutsunt, oon kutsunut | en oo kutsunt, en oo kutsunut |
2nd singular | kutsut | et kutsu | 2nd singular | oot kutsunt, oot kutsunut | et oo kutsunt, et oo kutsunut |
3rd singular | kutsuu | ei kutsu | 3rd singular | ono kutsunt, ono kutsunut | ei oo kutsunt, ei oo kutsunut |
1st plural | kutsumma | emmä kutsu | 1st plural | oomma kutsuneet | emmä oo kutsuneet |
2nd plural | kutsutta | että kutsu | 2nd plural | ootta kutsuneet | että oo kutsuneet |
3rd plural | kutsuut1), kutsuvat2), kutsutaa | evät kutsu, ei kutsuta | 3rd plural | ovat kutsuneet | evät oo kutsuneet, ei oo kutsuttu |
impersonal | kutsutaa | ei kutsuta | impersonal | ono kutsuttu | ei oo kutsuttu |
Imperfekta | Pluskvamperfekta | ||||
positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
1st singular | kutsuin | en kutsunt, en kutsunut | 1st singular | olin kutsunt, olin kutsunut | en olt kutsunt, en olt kutsunut |
2nd singular | kutsuit | et kutsunt, et kutsunut | 2nd singular | olit kutsunt, olit kutsunut | et olt kutsunt, et olt kutsunut |
3rd singular | kutsui | ei kutsunt, ei kutsunut | 3rd singular | oli kutsunt, oli kutsunut | ei olt kutsunt, ei olt kutsunut |
1st plural | kutsuimma | emmä kutsuneet | 1st plural | olimma kutsuneet | emmä olleet kutsuneet |
2nd plural | kutsuitta | että kutsuneet | 2nd plural | olitta kutsuneet | että olleet kutsuneet |
3rd plural | kutsuit1), kutsuivat2), kutsuttii | evät kutsuneet, ei kutsuttu | 3rd plural | olivat kutsuneet | evät olleet kutsuneet, ei olt kutsuttu |
impersonal | kutsuttii | ei kutsuttu | impersonal | oli kutsuttu | ei olt kutsuttu |
Konditsionala | |||||
Preesens | Perfekta | ||||
positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
1st singular | kutsuisin | en kutsuis | 1st singular | olisin kutsunt, olisin kutsunut | en olis kutsunt, en olis kutsunut |
2nd singular | kutsuisit, kutsuist1) | et kutsuis | 2nd singular | olisit kutsunt, olisit kutsunut | et olis kutsunt, et olis kutsunut |
3rd singular | kutsuis | ei kutsuis | 3rd singular | olis kutsunt, olis kutsunut | ei olis kutsunt, ei olis kutsunut |
1st plural | kutsuisimma | emmä kutsuis | 1st plural | olisimma kutsuneet | emmä olis kutsuneet |
2nd plural | kutsuisitta | että kutsuis | 2nd plural | olisitta kutsuneet | että olis kutsuneet |
3rd plural | kutsuisiit1), kutsuisivat2), kutsuttais | evät kutsuis, ei kutsuttais | 3rd plural | olisivat kutsuneet | evät olis kutsuneet, ei olis kutsuttu |
impersonal | kutsuttais | ei kutsuttais | impersonal | olis kutsuttu | ei olis kutsuttu |
Imperativa | |||||
Preesens | Perfekta | ||||
positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
1st singular | — | — | 1st singular | — | — |
2nd singular | kutsu | elä kutsu | 2nd singular | oo kutsunt, oo kutsunut | elä oo kutsunt, elä oo kutsunut |
3rd singular | kutsukoo | elköö kutsuko | 3rd singular | olkoo kutsunt, olkoo kutsunut | elköö olko kutsunt, elköö olko kutsunut |
1st plural | — | — | 1st plural | — | — |
2nd plural | kutsukaa | elkää kutsuko | 2nd plural | olkaa kutsuneet | elkää olko kutsuneet |
3rd plural | kutsukoot | elkööt kutsuko, elköö kutsuttako | 3rd plural | olkoot kutsuneet | elkööt olko kutsuneet, elköö olko kutsuttu |
impersonal | kutsuttakkoo | elköö kutsuttako | impersonal | olkoo kutsuttu | elköö olko kutsuttu |
Potentsiala | |||||
Preesens | |||||
positive | negative | ||||
1st singular | kutsunen | en kutsune | |||
2nd singular | kutsunet | et kutsune | |||
3rd singular | kutsunoo | ei kutsune | |||
1st plural | kutsunemma | emmä kutsune | |||
2nd plural | kutsunetta | että kutsune | |||
3rd plural | kutsunoot | evät kutsune, ei kutsuttane | |||
impersonal | kutsuttannoo | ei kutsuttane | |||
Nominal forms | |||||
Infinitivat | Partisipat | ||||
active | passive | ||||
1st | kutsua | present | kutsuva | kutsuttava | |
2nd | inessive | kutsujees | past | kutsunt, kutsunut | kutsuttu |
instructive | kutsuen | 1) Chiefly in the Soikkola dialect. 2) Chiefly in the Ala-Laukaa dialect. *) For the imperative, the 2nd plural (kutsukaa) may be used for the 3rd person as well. **) The interrogative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka?/-kä?) to the indicative ***) The deliberative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka?/-kä?) or -kse to either the indicative or the potential ****) In folk poetry, a long first infinitive can be formed by adding the suffix -kse-, followed by possessive suffixes, to the first infinitive. Note that sometimes gemination may be undone by this addition. | |||
3rd | illative | kutsumaa | |||
inessive | kutsumaas | ||||
elative | kutsumast | ||||
abessive | kutsumata | ||||
4th | nominative | kutsumiin | |||
partitive | kutsumista, kutsumist |
Etymology 2
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Pronunciation
- (Ala-Laukaa) IPA(key): /ˈkut͡suɑ/, [ˈkut͡s̠o̞]
- (Soikkola) IPA(key): /ˈkut͡suɑ/, [ˈkut͡suɑ]
- Rhymes: -ut͡soː, -ut͡suɑ
- Hyphenation: kut‧su‧a
References
- Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 224