karsia

See also: kärsiä

Finnish

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *karcidak, borrowed from Proto-Germanic *skardijaną.[1]

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈkɑrsiɑˣ/, [ˈkɑ̝rs̠iɑ̝(ʔ)]
  • Rhymes: -ɑrsiɑ
  • Syllabification(key): kar‧si‧a

Verb

karsia (transitive)

  1. (forestry) to limb, delimb (to remove the branches of a tree)
    Synonym: oksia
  2. (horticulture) to prune, trim
  3. to eliminate, weed out (to remove the ones not qualified)

Conjugation
Inflection of karsia (Kotus type 61/sallia, no gradation)
indicative mood
present tense perfect
person positive negative person positive negative
1st sing. karsin en karsi 1st sing. olen karsinut en ole karsinut
2nd sing. karsit et karsi 2nd sing. olet karsinut et ole karsinut
3rd sing. karsii ei karsi 3rd sing. on karsinut ei ole karsinut
1st plur. karsimme emme karsi 1st plur. olemme karsineet emme ole karsineet
2nd plur. karsitte ette karsi 2nd plur. olette karsineet ette ole karsineet
3rd plur. karsivat eivät karsi 3rd plur. ovat karsineet eivät ole karsineet
passive karsitaan ei karsita passive on karsittu ei ole karsittu
past tense pluperfect
person positive negative person positive negative
1st sing. karsin en karsinut 1st sing. olin karsinut en ollut karsinut
2nd sing. karsit et karsinut 2nd sing. olit karsinut et ollut karsinut
3rd sing. karsi ei karsinut 3rd sing. oli karsinut ei ollut karsinut
1st plur. karsimme emme karsineet 1st plur. olimme karsineet emme olleet karsineet
2nd plur. karsitte ette karsineet 2nd plur. olitte karsineet ette olleet karsineet
3rd plur. karsivat eivät karsineet 3rd plur. olivat karsineet eivät olleet karsineet
passive karsittiin ei karsittu passive oli karsittu ei ollut karsittu
conditional mood
present perfect
person positive negative person positive negative
1st sing. karsisin en karsisi 1st sing. olisin karsinut en olisi karsinut
2nd sing. karsisit et karsisi 2nd sing. olisit karsinut et olisi karsinut
3rd sing. karsisi ei karsisi 3rd sing. olisi karsinut ei olisi karsinut
1st plur. karsisimme emme karsisi 1st plur. olisimme karsineet emme olisi karsineet
2nd plur. karsisitte ette karsisi 2nd plur. olisitte karsineet ette olisi karsineet
3rd plur. karsisivat eivät karsisi 3rd plur. olisivat karsineet eivät olisi karsineet
passive karsittaisiin ei karsittaisi passive olisi karsittu ei olisi karsittu
imperative mood
present perfect
person positive negative person positive negative
1st sing. — — 1st sing. — —
2nd sing. karsi älä karsi 2nd sing. — —
3rd sing. karsikoon älköön karsiko 3rd sing. olkoon karsinut älköön olko karsinut
1st plur. karsikaamme älkäämme karsiko 1st plur. — —
2nd plur. karsikaa älkää karsiko 2nd plur. — —
3rd plur. karsikoot älkööt karsiko 3rd plur. olkoot karsineet älkööt olko karsineet
passive karsittakoon älköön karsittako passive olkoon karsittu älköön olko karsittu
potential mood
present perfect
person positive negative person positive negative
1st sing. karsinen en karsine 1st sing. lienen karsinut en liene karsinut
2nd sing. karsinet et karsine 2nd sing. lienet karsinut et liene karsinut
3rd sing. karsinee ei karsine 3rd sing. lienee karsinut ei liene karsinut
1st plur. karsinemme emme karsine 1st plur. lienemme karsineet emme liene karsineet
2nd plur. karsinette ette karsine 2nd plur. lienette karsineet ette liene karsineet
3rd plur. karsinevat eivät karsine 3rd plur. lienevät karsineet eivät liene karsineet
passive karsittaneen ei karsittane passive lienee karsittu ei liene karsittu
Nominal forms
infinitives participles
active passive active passive
1st karsia present karsiva karsittava
long 1st1
Possessive forms
Person sing. plur.
1st karsiakseni karsiaksemme
2nd karsiaksesi karsiaksenne
3rd karsiakseen
karsiaksensa
 past karsinut karsittu
2nd inessive2 karsiessa karsittaessa agent3 karsima
Possessive forms
Person sing. plur.
1st karsiessani karsiessamme
2nd karsiessasi karsiessanne
3rd karsiessaan
karsiessansa
 negative karsimaton
instructive karsien — 1) Used only with a possessive suffix.

2) Usually with a possessive suffix (active only).
3) Usually with a possessive suffix. Not used with intransitive verbs. Distinct from nouns with the -ma suffix and third infinitive forms.
4) Some uses of the verbal noun are called the 'fourth infinitive' by certain sources (more details).

3rd inessive karsimassa —
elative karsimasta —
illative karsimaan —
adessive karsimalla —
abessive karsimatta —
instructive karsiman karsittaman
4th4 verbal noun karsiminen
5th1
Possessive forms
Person sing. plur.
1st karsimaisillani karsimaisillamme
2nd karsimaisillasi karsimaisillanne
3rd karsimaisillaan
karsimaisillansa

Derived terms

References
  1. Junttila, Santeri, Kallio, Petri, Holopainen, Sampsa, Kuokkala, Juha, Pystynen, Juho, editors (2020–), “karsia”, in Suomen vanhimman sanaston etymologinen verkkosanakirja‎ (in Finnish), retrieved 2024-01-01

Further reading

Anagrams

Ingrian

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *karcidak. Cognates include Finnish karsia and Estonian karsida.

Pronunciation
  • (Ala-Laukaa) IPA(key): /ˈkɑrsiɑ/, [ˈkɑrs̠e̞]
  • (Soikkola) IPA(key): /ˈkɑrsiɑ/, [ˈkɑrʃiɑ]
  • Rhymes: -ɑrseː, -ɑrsiɑ
  • Hyphenation: kar‧si‧a

Verb

karsia

  1. (transitive) to scratch
  2. (transitive) to limb (remove branches from a tree)
  3. (transitive) to scrape (remove the surface of a root vegetable)

Conjugation
Conjugation of karsia (type 7/oppia, no gradation)
Indikativa
Preesens Perfekta
positive negative positive negative
1st singular karsin en karsi 1st singular oon karsint, oon karsinut en oo karsint, en oo karsinut
2nd singular karsit et karsi 2nd singular oot karsint, oot karsinut et oo karsint, et oo karsinut
3rd singular karsii ei karsi 3rd singular ono karsint, ono karsinut ei oo karsint, ei oo karsinut
1st plural karsimma emmä karsi 1st plural oomma karsineet emmä oo karsineet
2nd plural karsitta että karsi 2nd plural ootta karsineet että oo karsineet
3rd plural karsiit1), karsivat2), karsitaa evät karsi, ei karsita 3rd plural ovat karsineet evät oo karsineet, ei oo karsittu
impersonal karsitaa ei karsita impersonal ono karsittu ei oo karsittu
Imperfekta Pluskvamperfekta
positive negative positive negative
1st singular karsin en karsint, en karsinut 1st singular olin karsint, olin karsinut en olt karsint, en olt karsinut
2nd singular karsit et karsint, et karsinut 2nd singular olit karsint, olit karsinut et olt karsint, et olt karsinut
3rd singular karsi ei karsint, ei karsinut 3rd singular oli karsint, oli karsinut ei olt karsint, ei olt karsinut
1st plural karsimma emmä karsineet 1st plural olimma karsineet emmä olleet karsineet
2nd plural karsitta että karsineet 2nd plural olitta karsineet että olleet karsineet
3rd plural karsiit1), karsivat2), karsittii evät karsineet, ei karsittu 3rd plural olivat karsineet evät olleet karsineet, ei olt karsittu
impersonal karsittii ei karsittu impersonal oli karsittu ei olt karsittu
Konditsionala
Preesens Perfekta
positive negative positive negative
1st singular karsisin en karsis 1st singular olisin karsint, olisin karsinut en olis karsint, en olis karsinut
2nd singular karsisit, karsiist1) et karsis 2nd singular olisit karsint, olisit karsinut et olis karsint, et olis karsinut
3rd singular karsis ei karsis 3rd singular olis karsint, olis karsinut ei olis karsint, ei olis karsinut
1st plural karsisimma emmä karsis 1st plural olisimma karsineet emmä olis karsineet
2nd plural karsisitta että karsis 2nd plural olisitta karsineet että olis karsineet
3rd plural karsisiit1), karsisivat2), karsittais evät karsis, ei karsittais 3rd plural olisivat karsineet evät olis karsineet, ei olis karsittu
impersonal karsittais ei karsittais impersonal olis karsittu ei olis karsittu
Imperativa
Preesens Perfekta
positive negative positive negative
1st singular — — 1st singular — —
2nd singular karsi elä karsi 2nd singular oo karsint, oo karsinut elä oo karsint, elä oo karsinut
3rd singular karsikoo elköö karsiko 3rd singular olkoo karsint, olkoo karsinut elköö olko karsint, elköö olko karsinut
1st plural — — 1st plural — —
2nd plural karsikaa elkää karsiko 2nd plural olkaa karsineet elkää olko karsineet
3rd plural karsikoot elkööt karsiko, elköö karsittako 3rd plural olkoot karsineet elkööt olko karsineet, elköö olko karsittu
impersonal karsittakkoo elköö karsittako impersonal olkoo karsittu elköö olko karsittu
Potentsiala
Preesens
positive negative
1st singular karsinen en karsine
2nd singular karsinet et karsine
3rd singular karsinoo ei karsine
1st plural karsinemma emmä karsine
2nd plural karsinetta että karsine
3rd plural karsinoot evät karsine, ei karsittane
impersonal karsittannoo ei karsittane
Nominal forms
Infinitivat Partisipat
active passive
1st karsia present karsiva karsittava
2nd inessive karsijees past karsint, karsinut karsittu
instructive karsien 1) Chiefly in the Soikkola dialect.
2) Chiefly in the Ala-Laukaa dialect.
*) For the imperative, the 2nd plural (karsikaa) may be used for the 3rd person as well.
**) The interrogative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka?/-kä?) to the indicative
***) The deliberative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka?/-kä?) or -kse to either the indicative or the potential
****) In folk poetry, a long first infinitive can be formed by adding the suffix -kse-, followed by possessive suffixes, to the first infinitive. Note that sometimes gemination may be undone by this addition.
3rd illative karsimaa
inessive karsimaas
elative karsimast
abessive karsimata
4th nominative karsimiin
partitive karsimista, karsimist

Synonyms

Derived terms

References
  • Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 138

Votic

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *karcidak.

Pronunciation
  • (Luutsa, Liivtšülä) IPA(key): /ˈkɑrsiɑ̯/, [ˈkɑrsʲiɑ̯]
  • Rhymes: -ɑrsiɑ̯
  • Hyphenation: kar‧sia

Verb

karsia

  1. (transitive) to scratch, scrape
  2. (transitive) to trim
  3. (transitive) to comb (wool), card (flax)

Inflection
Conjugation of karsia (type II-1/kuttsua, s-z gradation)
Indicative
Present Perfect
positive negative positive negative
1st singular karzin en karzi 1st singular õõn karsinnu en õõ karsinnu
2nd singular karzid ed karzi 2nd singular õõd karsinnu ed õõ karsinnu
3rd singular karzib eb karzi 3rd singular on karsinnu eb õõ karsinnu
1st plural karzimmõ emmä karzi 1st plural öõmmõ karsinnu emmä õõ karsinnu
2nd plural karzittõ että karzi 2nd plural õõttõ karsinnu että õõ karsinnu
3rd plural karzita eväd karzi 3rd plural õlla karzittu eväd õõ karzittu
impersonal karzita eväd karzi impersonal õlla karzittu eväd õõ karzittu
Imperfect Pluperfect
positive negative positive negative
1st singular karsizin en karsinnu 1st singular õlin karsinnu —
2nd singular karsizid ed karsinnu 2nd singular õlid karsinnu —
3rd singular karsi eb karsinnu 3rd singular õli karsinnu —
1st plural karsizimmõ emmä karsinnu 1st plural õlimmõ karsinnu —
2nd plural karsizittõ että karsinnu 2nd plural õlittõ karsinnu —
3rd plural karzitti eväd karzittu 3rd plural õlti karzittu —
impersonal karzitti eväd karzittu impersonal õlti karzittu —
Conditional
Present Perfect
positive negative positive negative
1st singular karsizin en karsizʹ 1st singular õllõizin karsinnu en õllõizʹ karsinnu
2nd singular karsizid ed karsizʹ 2nd singular õllõizid karsinnu ed õllõizʹ karsinnu
3rd singular karsizʹ eb karsizʹ 3rd singular õllõizʹ karsinnu eb õllõizʹ karsinnu
1st plural karsizimmõ emmä karsizʹ 1st plural õllõizimmõ karsinnu emmä õllõizʹ karsinnu
2nd plural karsizittõ että karsizʹ 2nd plural õllõizittõ karsinnu että õllõizʹ karsinnu
3rd plural karzittaizʹ eväd karzittaizʹ 3rd plural õltaizʹ karzittu eväd õltaizʹ karzittu
impersonal karzittaizʹ eväd karzittaizʹ impersonal õltaizʹ karzittu eväd õltaizʹ karzittu
Imperative
Present
positive negative
1st singular — —
2nd singular karzi elä karzi
3rd singular karsigo elko karsigo
1st plural — —
2nd plural karsiga elka karsiga
3rd plural karsigod —
impersonal — —
Nominal forms
Infinitives Participles
active passive
1st karsia present karsijõ1) —
2nd illative karsima past karsinnu karzittu
inessive karsimõz 1) also used as the agent noun
elative karsimassõ
abessive karsimattõ

References
  • Hallap, V., Adler, E., Grünberg, S., Leppik, M. (2012) “karsia”, in Vadja keele sõnaraamat [A dictionary of the Votic language], 2nd edition, Tallinn
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