juger
See also: iuger
French
Etymology
Inherited from Old French juger, from Latin iūdicāre (“pass judgement”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ʒy.ʒe/
audio (file)
Verb
juger
Conjugation
This is a regular -er verb, but the stem is written juge- before endings that begin with -a- or -o- (to indicate that the -g- is a "soft" /ʒ/ and not a "hard" /ɡ/). This spelling-change occurs in all verbs in -ger, such as neiger and manger.
Conjugation of juger (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | juger | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | jugeant /ʒy.ʒɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | jugé /ʒy.ʒe/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | juge /ʒyʒ/ |
juges /ʒyʒ/ |
juge /ʒyʒ/ |
jugeons /ʒy.ʒɔ̃/ |
jugez /ʒy.ʒe/ |
jugent /ʒyʒ/ |
| imperfect | jugeais /ʒy.ʒɛ/ |
jugeais /ʒy.ʒɛ/ |
jugeait /ʒy.ʒɛ/ |
jugions /ʒy.ʒjɔ̃/ |
jugiez /ʒy.ʒje/ |
jugeaient /ʒy.ʒɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | jugeai /ʒy.ʒe/ |
jugeas /ʒy.ʒa/ |
jugea /ʒy.ʒa/ |
jugeâmes /ʒy.ʒam/ |
jugeâtes /ʒy.ʒat/ |
jugèrent /ʒy.ʒɛʁ/ | |
| future | jugerai /ʒyʒ.ʁe/ |
jugeras /ʒyʒ.ʁa/ |
jugera /ʒyʒ.ʁa/ |
jugerons /ʒyʒ.ʁɔ̃/ |
jugerez /ʒyʒ.ʁe/ |
jugeront /ʒyʒ.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | jugerais /ʒyʒ.ʁɛ/ |
jugerais /ʒyʒ.ʁɛ/ |
jugerait /ʒyʒ.ʁɛ/ |
jugerions /ʒy.ʒə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
jugeriez /ʒy.ʒə.ʁje/ |
jugeraient /ʒyʒ.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | juge /ʒyʒ/ |
juges /ʒyʒ/ |
juge /ʒyʒ/ |
jugions /ʒy.ʒjɔ̃/ |
jugiez /ʒy.ʒje/ |
jugent /ʒyʒ/ |
| imperfect2 | jugeasse /ʒy.ʒas/ |
jugeasses /ʒy.ʒas/ |
jugeât /ʒy.ʒa/ |
jugeassions /ʒy.ʒa.sjɔ̃/ |
jugeassiez /ʒy.ʒa.sje/ |
jugeassent /ʒy.ʒas/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | juge /ʒyʒ/ |
— | jugeons /ʒy.ʒɔ̃/ |
jugez /ʒy.ʒe/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Derived terms
Further reading
- “juger”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Latin
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈi̯uː.ɡer/, [ˈi̯uːɡɛr]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈju.d͡ʒer/, [ˈjuːd͡ʒer]
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