immimgaib
Old Irish
Etymology
From imm- (“around”) + gaibid (“to take”). The prefix imm- is reduplicated in deuterotonic forms. Occasional spellings with imc-, suggesting the pronunciation /imɡ-/, lead Pedersen and Thurneysen to suggest the original form may have been imm- + uss- + gaibid.[1][2]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [imʲˈimɣavʲ]
Verb
imm·imgaib (prototonic ·imgaib, verbal noun imgabáil)
- to avoid, evade, shun
- c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 51b10
- In tan as·mber Dauid “intellectum tibi dabo”, sech is arde són do·mbéra Día do neuch nod·n-eirbea ind ⁊ génas triit con·festar cid as imgabthi do dénum di ulc ⁊ cid as déinti dó di maith. Aithesc trá lesom insin a persin Dǽ.
- When David says, “I will give thee understanding”, that is a sign that God will give to everyone that will trust in him, and work through him, that he may know what evil he must avoid doing, and what good he must do. He has then here a reply in the person of God.
- c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 51b10
Inflection
Complex, class B II present, s preterite, é future, a subjunctive
| 1st sg. | 2nd sg. | 3rd sg. | 1st pl. | 2nd pl. | 3rd pl. | Passive sg. | Passive pl. | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present indicative | Deut. | imm·imgabaim | im·imgaib | ||||||
| Prot. | ·imgabaim | ·imgaib | |||||||
| Imperfect indicative | Deut. | ||||||||
| Prot. | |||||||||
| Preterite | Deut. | ||||||||
| Prot. | |||||||||
| Perfect | Deut. | im·rimgabsat | |||||||
| Prot. | |||||||||
| Future | Deut. | ||||||||
| Prot. | ·imgéb | ·imgeba | |||||||
| Conditional | Deut. | ||||||||
| Prot. | |||||||||
| Present subjunctive | Deut. | imme·n-ingaib (nasal relative) | im·n-imgaba (nasal relative) | imme·n-imgabam (nasal relative) | imm·imgabat | ||||
| Prot. | ·imgaba | ·imgabat | |||||||
| Past subjunctive | Deut. | imme·n-imgabad (nasal relative) | |||||||
| Prot. | |||||||||
| Imperative | imcaib; imma·n-imcab (with infixed pronoun a-) | imgabaid | |||||||
| Verbal noun | imgabáil | ||||||||
| Past participle | |||||||||
| Verbal of necessity | imcabthi, imgabthi | ||||||||
Descendants
- Middle Irish: imgaibid
- Irish: imghabh
Mutation
| Old Irish mutation | ||
|---|---|---|
| Radical | Lenition | Nasalization |
| imm·imgaib | unchanged | imm·n-imgaib |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | ||
References
- Pedersen, Holger (1913) Vergleichende Grammatik der keltischen Sprachen (in German), volume II, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck und Ruprecht, →ISBN, page 531
- Thurneysen, Rudolf (1940, reprinted 2017) D. A. Binchy and Osborn Bergin, transl., A Grammar of Old Irish, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, →ISBN, § 543, page 351
Further reading
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “imm·imgaib, im·gaib”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
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