imfolngai
Old Irish
Alternative forms
Etymology
imm- + fo·loing, but the inflection as a weak verb suggests an origin as a denominative verb.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [imʲˈfolŋɨ]
Verb
im·folngai (prototonic ·immolṅgai, verbal noun imḟolang)
- to effect, produce, cause
- c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 92a17
- Bed indbadigthi .i. bed chuintechti .i. cid fáilte ad·cot-sa ⁊ du·ngnéu, is túsu immid·ḟolngi dam, a Dǽ; cid indeb dano ad·cot, is tú, Dǽ, immid·ḟolngi dam.
- To be enriched, i.e. to be sought, i.e. though it is joy that I obtain and make, it is you who effects it for me, O God; so too, though it is wealth that I obtain, it is you, God, who effects it for me.
- c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 95a5
- Is ed as·bertis b⟨a⟩ a nert fadesin imme·ḟolnged choscur doib, níbu Día.
- That is, they used to say that it was their own strength that produced victory for them, not God
- c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 126b16
- Im·folṅgi inducbáil dó in molad ro·mmolastar Día.
- The praise (with) which he has praised God causes glory to him.
- c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 92a17
Inflection
Complex, class A II present, s preterite, f future, a subjunctive
| 1st sg. | 2nd sg. | 3rd sg. | 1st pl. | 2nd pl. | 3rd pl. | Passive sg. | Passive pl. | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present indicative | Deut. | im·folngi, im·folngai | im·folnget, im·folngat | im·folngar, im·folangar | |||||
| Prot. | ·immolṅgai | ·imḟolnget | ·immolṅgaithær | ||||||
| Imperfect indicative | Deut. | ||||||||
| Prot. | |||||||||
| Preterite | Deut. | ||||||||
| Prot. | |||||||||
| Perfect | Deut. | im·forlaingis | im·forling, im·forlaing | im·forlinged | im·forlaingthea | ||||
| Prot. | ·imforlainged | ||||||||
| Future | Deut. | im·folnguba | |||||||
| Prot. | |||||||||
| Conditional | Deut. | ||||||||
| Prot. | |||||||||
| Present subjunctive | Deut. | im·folngae | im·folnga | im·folnget | im·folngither | ||||
| Prot. | ·rimfolngar (ro-form) | ·imḟorlainge | |||||||
| Past subjunctive | Deut. | im·folnged; imme·ḟolnged (relative) | |||||||
| Prot. | ·imḟolngitis | ·imḟolangide | |||||||
| Imperative | |||||||||
| Verbal noun | imḟolang | ||||||||
| Past participle | |||||||||
| Verbal of necessity | |||||||||
Derived terms
- immid·ḟolngi
- nephaithimḟolngide
- nephimḟolngide
Mutation
| Old Irish mutation | ||
|---|---|---|
| Radical | Lenition | Nasalization |
| im·folngai | im·ḟolngai | im·folngai pronounced with /-v(ʲ)-/ |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | ||
Further reading
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “imm·folngai, imm·foilngi”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- Pedersen, Holger (1913) Vergleichende Grammatik der keltischen Sprachen (in German), volume II, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck und Ruprecht, →ISBN, page 569
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