hrjósa

From Old Norse hrjósa, from Proto-Germanic *hreusaną.

• IPA^(key): /ˈr̥jouːsa/

  Rhymes: -ouːsa

hrjósa (strong verb, third-person singular past indicative hraus, third-person plural past indicative hrusu, supine hrosið)

1. to shudder

   Mér hrýs hugur við sóuninni sem stöðugt á sér stað í vestrænum þjóðfélögum.

   I shudder at the thought of the waste that continually happens in western societies.

This verb is now limited to the subject hugur (“mind”) in the phrase hrjósa hugur við (“shudder at the thought of“; literally, “[one's] mind shudder”), which takes a dative object in front (indicating the person whose mind shudders) in addition to the dative object of the preposition við (indicating what makes it shudder).

From Proto-Germanic *hreusaną (“to shudder, shiver, quiver”), from Proto-Indo-European *krewh₂- (“raw meat, fresh blood”). Related to Old Norse hrár (“raw, fresh, juicy”), Swedish rysa, Old English hrēaw, hrēow (“raw”), Avestan 𐬑𐬭𐬏𐬭𐬀 (xrūra, “bloody, gruesome, cruel”), Avestan 𐬑𐬭𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬥𐬙 (xruuant, “ghastly, gruesome”). More at raw.

hrjósa (singular past indicative hraus, plural past indicative hrusu, past participle hrosinn)

1. to shudder

Attested usage is the same as in modern Icelandic, with hugr and við. (See Icelandic section above.)