grunnio

Latin

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *gru-, an imitative root, similar to English grudge, grunt.[1]

Pronunciation

Verb

grunniō (present infinitive grunnīre, perfect active grunnīvī or grunniī, supine grunnītum); fourth conjugation, no passive

  1. to grunt (like a pig)

Conjugation
   Conjugation of grunniō (fourth conjugation, active only)
indicative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present grunniō grunnīs grunnit grunnīmus grunnītis grunniunt
imperfect grunniēbam grunniēbās grunniēbat grunniēbāmus grunniēbātis grunniēbant
future grunniam grunniēs grunniet grunniēmus grunniētis grunnient
perfect grunnīvī,
grunniī		 grunnīvistī,
grunniistī		 grunnīvit,
grunniit		 grunnīvimus,
grunniimus		 grunnīvistis,
grunniistis		 grunnīvērunt,
grunnīvēre,
grunniērunt,
grunniēre
pluperfect grunnīveram,
grunnieram		 grunnīverās,
grunnierās		 grunnīverat,
grunnierat		 grunnīverāmus,
grunnierāmus		 grunnīverātis,
grunnierātis		 grunnīverant,
grunnierant
future perfect grunnīverō,
grunnierō		 grunnīveris,
grunnieris		 grunnīverit,
grunnierit		 grunnīverimus,
grunnierimus		 grunnīveritis,
grunnieritis		 grunnīverint,
grunnierint
subjunctive singular plural
first second third first second third
active present grunniam grunniās grunniat grunniāmus grunniātis grunniant
imperfect grunnīrem grunnīrēs grunnīret grunnīrēmus grunnīrētis grunnīrent
perfect grunnīverim,
grunnierim		 grunnīverīs,
grunnierīs		 grunnīverit,
grunnierit		 grunnīverīmus,
grunnierīmus		 grunnīverītis,
grunnierītis		 grunnīverint,
grunnierint
pluperfect grunnīvissem,
grunniissem		 grunnīvissēs,
grunniissēs		 grunnīvisset,
grunniisset		 grunnīvissēmus,
grunniissēmus		 grunnīvissētis,
grunniissētis		 grunnīvissent,
grunniissent
imperative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present — grunnī — — grunnīte —
future — grunnītō grunnītō — grunnītōte grunniuntō
non-finite forms active passive
present perfect future present perfect future
infinitives grunnīre grunnīvisse,
grunniisse		 grunnītūrum esse — — —
participles grunniēns — grunnītūrus — — —
verbal nouns gerund supine
genitive dative accusative ablative accusative ablative
grunniendī grunniendō grunniendum grunniendō grunnītum grunnītū

Derived terms
  • grunnium

Descendants
  • Aromanian: gurnjescu, gurnjiri
  • Galician: gruñir
  • Italian: grugnire
  • Old French: grognir, gronir, groindre, groignier, grondre, grondir
    • Middle French: groigner
      • French: grogner
      • Norman: grounre (from "grondre"), grognier (from "groignier")
  • Occitan: rondir, rondinar
  • Portuguese: grunhir
  • Spanish: gruñir

References
  • “grunnio”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “grunnio”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • grunnio in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
  1. Roberts, Edward A. (2014) A Comprehensive Etymological Dictionary of the Spanish Language with Families of Words based on Indo-European Roots, Xlibris Corporation, →ISBN, p. 783
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