gigno

Latin

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *ǵíǵnh₁-, the reduplicated present stem of *ǵenh₁- (“to produce, beget”). Cognate to Ancient Greek γίγνομαι (gígnomai, “to come into being, to be born, to take place”).[1]

Pronunciation

Verb

gignō (present infinitive gignere, perfect active genuī, supine genitum); third conjugation

  1. to bring forth as a fruit of oneself: to bear, to beget, to engender, to give birth to
    Synonyms: genō, prōcreō, suscipiō, prōdō, pario, creō, enitor, cōnītor, ēdō, efficiō
    Antonyms: necō, interimō, caedō, obtruncō
    • 405 CE, Jerome, Vulgate Proverbs.17.25:
      Īra patris fīlius stultus: et dolor mātris quae genuit eum.
      A foolish son is the anger of the father: and the sorrow of the mother that bore him.
      (Douay-Rheims trans., Challoner rev.: 1752 CE)
  2. (by said means): to produce, to cause, to yield
  3. (in the passive voice): to be born, to be begotten, to be engendered, to be produced, etc.

Conjugation
   Conjugation of gignō (third conjugation)
indicative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present gignō gignis gignit gignimus gignitis gignunt
imperfect gignēbam gignēbās gignēbat gignēbāmus gignēbātis gignēbant
future gignam gignēs gignet gignēmus gignētis gignent
perfect genuī genuistī genuit genuimus genuistis genuērunt,
genuēre
pluperfect genueram genuerās genuerat genuerāmus genuerātis genuerant
future perfect genuerō genueris genuerit genuerimus genueritis genuerint
passive present gignor gigneris,
gignere		 gignitur gignimur gigniminī gignuntur
imperfect gignēbar gignēbāris,
gignēbāre		 gignēbātur gignēbāmur gignēbāminī gignēbantur
future gignar gignēris,
gignēre		 gignētur gignēmur gignēminī gignentur
perfect genitus + present active indicative of sum
pluperfect genitus + imperfect active indicative of sum
future perfect genitus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive singular plural
first second third first second third
active present gignam gignās gignat gignāmus gignātis gignant
imperfect gignerem gignerēs gigneret gignerēmus gignerētis gignerent
perfect genuerim genuerīs genuerit genuerīmus genuerītis genuerint
pluperfect genuissem genuissēs genuisset genuissēmus genuissētis genuissent
passive present gignar gignāris,
gignāre		 gignātur gignāmur gignāminī gignantur
imperfect gignerer gignerēris,
gignerēre		 gignerētur gignerēmur gignerēminī gignerentur
perfect genitus + present active subjunctive of sum
pluperfect genitus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present — gigne — — gignite —
future — gignitō gignitō — gignitōte gignuntō
passive present — gignere — — gigniminī —
future — gignitor gignitor — — gignuntor
non-finite forms active passive
present perfect future present perfect future
infinitives gignere genuisse genitūrum esse gignī genitum esse genitum īrī
participles gignēns — genitūrus — genitus gignendus,
gignundus
verbal nouns gerund supine
genitive dative accusative ablative accusative ablative
gignendī gignendō gignendum gignendō genitum genitū

Derived terms

Descendants
  • Old French: genoir, genuir (from perfectum form genui)
    • French: congénuir (outdated), engénoïr (outdated)

References
  • “gigno”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “gigno”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • gigno in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
  • Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
    • the vegetable kingdom: ea, quae terra gignit
    • the vegetable kingdom: ea, quae e terra gignuntur
  1. De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “gignō, -ere”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 260-1
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