gair

See also: Gair, gàir, and gáir

Irish

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ɡaɾʲ/
  • (Ulster) IPA(key): /ɡɪɾʲ/

Etymology 1

From Middle Irish gairid, from Old Irish gairid,[1] from Proto-Celtic *garyeti (compare Middle Welsh gardu (“groan”), geir (“word”)), from *ǵh₂r-, zero grade of Proto-Indo-European *ǵeh₂r- (“to shout, call”). Cognate with Ancient Greek γῆρυς (gêrus, “voice, speech”), Khotanese [script needed] (ysār-, “to sing”), Latin garriō (“chatter”), Old English caru (“sorrow”).

Verb

gair (present analytic gaireann, future analytic gairfidh, verbal noun gairm, past participle gairthe)

  1. (transitive, intransitive) call
  2. (literary) invoke
  3. acclaim
Conjugation
conjugation of gair (first conjugation – A)
singular plural relative autonomous
first second third first second third
indicative present gairim gaireann tú;
gairir†		 gaireann sé, sí gairimid gaireann sibh gaireann siad;
gairid†		 a ghaireann; a ghaireas /
a ngaireann*; a ngaireas*		 gairtear
past ghair mé; ghaireas ghair tú; ghairis ghair sé, sí ghaireamar; ghair muid ghair sibh; ghaireabhair ghair siad; ghaireadar a ghair /
ar ghair*		 gaireadh
past habitual ghairinn / ngairinn‡‡ ghairteá / ngairteᇇ ghaireadh sé, sí / ngaireadh sé, s퇇 ghairimis; ghaireadh muid / ngairimis‡‡; ngaireadh muid‡‡ ghaireadh sibh / ngaireadh sibh‡‡ ghairidís; ghaireadh siad / ngairidís‡‡; ngaireadh siad‡‡ a ghaireadh /
a ngaireadh*		 ghairtí / ngairt퇇
future gairfidh mé;
gairfead		 gairfidh tú;
gairfir†		 gairfidh sé, sí gairfimid;
gairfidh muid		 gairfidh sibh gairfidh siad;
gairfid†		 a ghairfidh; a ghairfeas /
a ngairfidh*; a ngairfeas*		 gairfear
conditional ghairfinn / ngairfinn‡‡ ghairfeá / ngairfeᇇ ghairfeadh sé, sí / ngairfeadh sé, s퇇 ghairfimis; ghairfeadh muid / ngairfimis‡‡; ngairfeadh muid‡‡ ghairfeadh sibh / ngairfeadh sibh‡‡ ghairfidís; ghairfeadh siad / ngairfidís‡‡; ngairfeadh siad‡‡ a ghairfeadh /
a ngairfeadh*		 ghairfí / ngairf퇇
subjunctive present go ngaire mé;
go ngairead†		 go ngaire tú;
go ngairir†		 go ngaire sé, sí go ngairimid;
go ngaire muid		 go ngaire sibh go ngaire siad;
go ngairid†		 — go ngairtear
past dá ngairinn dá ngairteá dá ngaireadh sé, sí dá ngairimis;
dá ngaireadh muid		 dá ngaireadh sibh dá ngairidís;
dá ngaireadh siad		 — dá ngairtí
imperative gairim gair gaireadh sé, sí gairimis gairigí;
gairidh†		 gairidís — gairtear
verbal noun gairm
past participle gairthe

* indirect relative
† archaic or dialect form
‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

  • Alternative past participles: gartha, gortha
Alternative forms
Derived terms
  • aisghair (“abrogate; repeal”, transitive verb)
  • gair ar (“call upon, summon, invoke”)
  • gair de (“name, proclaim, inaugurate”)

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Adjective

gair

  1. inflection of gar:
    1. vocative/genitive masculine singular
    2. (archaic) dative feminine singular

Noun

gair m

  1. genitive singular of gar

Mutation
Irish mutation
Radical Lenition Eclipsis
gair ghair ngair
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References
  1. G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “3 gairid”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Further reading

Manx

Adjective

gair

  1. Eclipsed form of cair.

Noun

gair f

  1. Eclipsed form of cair.

Mutation
Manx mutation
RadicalLenitionEclipsis
cairchairgair
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every
possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Scots

Alternative forms

Etymology

Compare to English gore (third sense).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈɡeːr/
  • (Orkney) IPA(key): /ˈɡair.(o)/

Noun

gair (plural gairs)

  1. (archaic) a strip of grass on a hillside, especially bright green and fertile grass

Welsh

Etymology

From Middle Welsh geir, from Proto-Brythonic *gėr, from Proto-Celtic *garyos (“word, speech”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵh₂r-, zero grade of *ǵeh₂r-.

Cognate with Ancient Greek γῆρυς (gêrus, “voice, speech”), Khotanese [script needed] (ysār-, “to sing”), Latin garriō (“chatter”), Old English ċearu (“sorrow”).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ɡai̯r/
  • Audio(file)
  • Rhymes: -ai̯r

Noun

gair m (plural geiriau or geirau)

  1. word
    gair am air ― word for word

Derived terms

Compounds
  • adleisair (“onomatopoeia, echoic word”)
  • ansoddair (“adjective”)
  • benthycair (“loanword”)
  • cyfansoddair (“compound”)
  • cymysgair (“blend, hybrid”)
  • cysylltair (“conjunction”)
  • ebychair (“interjection”)
  • estronair (“foreign word”)
  • gogwyddair (“enclitic”)
  • grymusair (“intensive”)
  • mwythair (“euphemism”)
  • newyddair (“neologism”)
  • prifair (“headword”)
  • tarddair (“derivative”)

Mutation
Welsh mutation
radical soft nasal aspirate
gair air ngair unchanged
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References
  • R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “gair”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
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