gaigner

Middle French

Alternative forms
  • gaignier, gainger, gaegnier, gaingier

Etymology

From Old French gaigner.

Verb

gaigner

  1. to win
    • 1532, François Rabelais, Pantagruel:
      Mais voulez vous venir gaigner les pardons? dist il.
      But do you want to come and win the pardons? Said he

Conjugation
  • Middle French conjugation varies from one text to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.
Conjugation of gaigner
infinitive simple gaigner
compound avoir + past participle
present participle1 or gerund2 simple gaignant
compound present participle or gerund of avoir + past participle
past participle gaigné
singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative ie (i’) tu il, elle nous vous ilz, elles
(simple
tenses)		 present gaigne gaignes gaigne gaignons gaignez gaignent
imperfect gaignois, gaignoys gaignois, gaignoys gaignoit, gaignoyt gaignions, gaignyons gaigniez, gaignyez gaignoient, gaignoyent
past historic gaigna gaignas gaigna gaignasmes gaignastes gaignerent
future gaignerai, gaigneray gaigneras gaignera gaignerons gaignerez gaigneront
conditional gaignerois, gaigneroys gaignerois, gaigneroys gaigneroit, gaigneroyt gaignerions, gaigneryons gaigneriez, gaigneryez gaigneroient, gaigneroyent
(compound
tenses)		 present perfect present indicative of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
past anterior past historic of avoir + past participle
future perfect future of avoir + past participle
conditional perfect conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive que ie (i’) que tu qu’il, qu’elle que nous que vous qu’ilz, qu’elles
(simple
tenses)		 present gaigne gaignes gaigne gaignons gaignez gaignent
imperfect gaignasse gaignasses gaignast gaignassions gaignassiez gaignassent
(compound
tenses)		 past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative – tu – nous vous –
simple — gaigne — gaignons gaignez —
compound — simple imperative of avoir + past participle — simple imperative of avoir + past participle simple imperative of avoir + past participle —
1 The present participle was variable in gender and number until the 17th century (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], Une esthétique nouvelle: Honoré d'Urfé, correcteur de l'Astrée, p. 179). The French Academy would eventually declare it not to be declined in 1679.
2 The gerund was held to be invariable by grammarians of the early 17th century, and was usable with preposition en, as in Modern French, although the preposition was not mandatory (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], op. cit., p. 180).

Descendants
  • French: gagner

Old French

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Vulgar Latin *wadaniō, *wadaniāre, of Germanic origin.

Verb

gaigner

  1. to win
  2. (by extension) to make money; to save money
    • c. 1200, Aucassin et Nicolette:
      […] li donra un jour un baceler qui du pain li gaaignera par honor
      […] will give to her a young suitor who will earn his bread through honor

Conjugation

This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -er. The forms that would normally end in *-ign, *-igns, *-ignt are modified to ing, inz, int. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.

    Conjugation of gaigner (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)
simple compound
infinitive gaigner avoir gaigné
gerund en gaignant gerund of avoir + past participle
present participle gaignant
past participle gaigné
person singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative jo tu il nos vos il
simple
tenses		 present gaing gaignes gaigne gaignons gaignez gaignent
imperfect gaignoie, gaigneie, gaignoe, gaigneve gaignoies, gaigneies, gaignoes, gaigneves gaignoit, gaigneit, gaignot, gaigneve gaigniiens, gaigniens gaigniiez, gaigniez gaignoient, gaigneient, gaignoent, gaignevent
preterite gaignai gaignas gaigna gaignames gaignastes gaignerent
future gaignerai gaigneras gaignera gaignerons gaigneroiz, gaignereiz, gaignerez gaigneront
conditional gaigneroie, gaignereie gaigneroies, gaignereies gaigneroit, gaignereit gaigneriiens, gaigneriens gaigneriiez, gaigneriez gaigneroient, gaignereient
compound
tenses		 present perfect present tense of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect tense of avoir + past participle
past anterior preterite tense of avoir + past participle
future perfect future tense of avoir + past participle
conditional perfect conditional tense of avoir + past participle
subjunctive que jo que tu qu’il que nos que vos qu’il
simple
tenses		 present gaing gainz gaint gaignons gaignez gaignent
imperfect gaignasse gaignasses gaignast gaignissons, gaignissiens gaignissoiz, gaignissez, gaignissiez gaignassent
compound
tenses		 past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative – tu – nos vos –
— gaigne — gaignons gaignez —

Derived terms

Descendants
  • Anglo-Norman: wainer
  • Gallo: gaigner
  • Middle French: gaigner, gaignier, gainger, gaegnier, gaingier
  • Norman: gangni' (Jersiais)
  • Picard: gagnie, gagneu (Athois)
  • Walloon: wangnî, gangnî (Charleroi, Liégeois), gangnè (Forrières), gågnî (Liégeois)
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