fermer
See also: fèrmer
French
Etymology
Inherited from Old French fermer (“to close”), Latin firmāre (“make firm, confirm”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /fɛʁ.me/
audio (file)
Verb
fermer
- (transitive) to shut
- (transitive) to close
- (reflexive) to close
- to do up (of clothing)
- to switch off, to turn off (of a device or an appliance)
- to shut down, to discontinue, to axe (of a service)
- (intransitive) to harden (of someone's face)
- (transitive) to put someone off something, to turn someone off something
- Ce professeur l’a fermé au sujet des mathématiques.
- That teacher turned him off maths.
- (transitive) to mark the border of
- Les Vosges ferment l’Alsace à l’ouest.
- The Vosges mountains mark the western border of the Alsace.
Conjugation
Conjugation of fermer (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | fermer | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | fermant /fɛʁ.mɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | fermé /fɛʁ.me/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | ferme /fɛʁm/ |
fermes /fɛʁm/ |
ferme /fɛʁm/ |
fermons /fɛʁ.mɔ̃/ |
fermez /fɛʁ.me/ |
ferment /fɛʁm/ |
| imperfect | fermais /fɛʁ.mɛ/ |
fermais /fɛʁ.mɛ/ |
fermait /fɛʁ.mɛ/ |
fermions /fɛʁ.mjɔ̃/ |
fermiez /fɛʁ.mje/ |
fermaient /fɛʁ.mɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | fermai /fɛʁ.me/ |
fermas /fɛʁ.ma/ |
ferma /fɛʁ.ma/ |
fermâmes /fɛʁ.mam/ |
fermâtes /fɛʁ.mat/ |
fermèrent /fɛʁ.mɛʁ/ | |
| future | fermerai /fɛʁ.mə.ʁe/ |
fermeras /fɛʁ.mə.ʁa/ |
fermera /fɛʁ.mə.ʁa/ |
fermerons /fɛʁ.mə.ʁɔ̃/ |
fermerez /fɛʁ.mə.ʁe/ |
fermeront /fɛʁ.mə.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | fermerais /fɛʁ.mə.ʁɛ/ |
fermerais /fɛʁ.mə.ʁɛ/ |
fermerait /fɛʁ.mə.ʁɛ/ |
fermerions /fɛʁ.mə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
fermeriez /fɛʁ.mə.ʁje/ |
fermeraient /fɛʁ.mə.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | ferme /fɛʁm/ |
fermes /fɛʁm/ |
ferme /fɛʁm/ |
fermions /fɛʁ.mjɔ̃/ |
fermiez /fɛʁ.mje/ |
ferment /fɛʁm/ |
| imperfect2 | fermasse /fɛʁ.mas/ |
fermasses /fɛʁ.mas/ |
fermât /fɛʁ.ma/ |
fermassions /fɛʁ.ma.sjɔ̃/ |
fermassiez /fɛʁ.ma.sje/ |
fermassent /fɛʁ.mas/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | ferme /fɛʁm/ |
— | fermons /fɛʁ.mɔ̃/ |
fermez /fɛʁ.me/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Antonyms
Derived terms
Related terms
Further reading
- “fermer”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Old French
Conjugation
This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -er. The forms that would normally end in *-rms, *-rmt are modified to rs, rt. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.
| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | fermer | avoir fermé | |||||
| gerund | en fermant | gerund of avoir + past participle | |||||
| present participle | fermant | ||||||
| past participle | fermé | ||||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | jo | tu | il | nos | vos | il | |
| simple tenses |
present | ferm | fermes | ferme | fermons | fermez | ferment |
| imperfect | fermoie, fermeie, fermoe, fermeve | fermoies, fermeies, fermoes, fermeves | fermoit, fermeit, fermot, fermeve | fermiiens, fermiens | fermiiez, fermiez | fermoient, fermeient, fermoent, fermevent | |
| preterite | fermai | fermas | ferma | fermames | fermastes | fermerent | |
| future | fermerai | fermeras | fermera | fermerons | fermeroiz, fermereiz, fermerez | fermeront | |
| conditional | fermeroie, fermereie | fermeroies, fermereies | fermeroit, fermereit | fermeriiens, fermeriens | fermeriiez, fermeriez | fermeroient, fermereient | |
| compound tenses |
present perfect | present tense of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | preterite tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que jo | que tu | qu’il | que nos | que vos | qu’il | |
| simple tenses |
present | ferm | fers | fert | fermons | fermez | ferment |
| imperfect | fermasse | fermasses | fermast | fermissons, fermissiens | fermissoiz, fermissez, fermissiez | fermassent | |
| compound tenses |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – | |
| — | ferme | — | fermons | fermez | — | ||
Descendants
- French: fermer
Scots
Etymology
From Middle English fermour; compare English farmer.
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