envisager
French
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɑ̃.vi.za.ʒe/
Audio (Lyon, France) (file)
Verb
envisager
- to envisage; to contemplate
- J’envisage de partir demain matin ― I intend to leave tomorrow morning
- 1991, Minutes of Proceedings and Evidence, Canada Parliament, House of Commons: Standing Committee on Public Accounts:
- Il s’agit d’une possibilité envisagée, et si l’on prend des mesures, je ne crois pas cela provoquerait un exode massif de sociétés canadiennes.
- This is a possibility under consideration, and if we do take action, I do not believe that it would cause a mass exodus of Canadian companies.
- (dated, original sense) to face
Conjugation
This is a regular -er verb, but the stem is written envisage- before endings that begin with -a- or -o- (to indicate that the -g- is a "soft" /ʒ/ and not a "hard" /ɡ/). This spelling-change occurs in all verbs in -ger, such as neiger and manger.
Conjugation of envisager (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | envisager | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | envisageant /ɑ̃.vi.za.ʒɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | envisagé /ɑ̃.vi.za.ʒe/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | envisage /ɑ̃.vi.zaʒ/ |
envisages /ɑ̃.vi.zaʒ/ |
envisage /ɑ̃.vi.zaʒ/ |
envisageons /ɑ̃.vi.za.ʒɔ̃/ |
envisagez /ɑ̃.vi.za.ʒe/ |
envisagent /ɑ̃.vi.zaʒ/ |
| imperfect | envisageais /ɑ̃.vi.za.ʒɛ/ |
envisageais /ɑ̃.vi.za.ʒɛ/ |
envisageait /ɑ̃.vi.za.ʒɛ/ |
envisagions /ɑ̃.vi.za.ʒjɔ̃/ |
envisagiez /ɑ̃.vi.za.ʒje/ |
envisageaient /ɑ̃.vi.za.ʒɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | envisageai /ɑ̃.vi.za.ʒe/ |
envisageas /ɑ̃.vi.za.ʒa/ |
envisagea /ɑ̃.vi.za.ʒa/ |
envisageâmes /ɑ̃.vi.za.ʒam/ |
envisageâtes /ɑ̃.vi.za.ʒat/ |
envisagèrent /ɑ̃.vi.za.ʒɛʁ/ | |
| future | envisagerai /ɑ̃.vi.zaʒ.ʁe/ |
envisageras /ɑ̃.vi.zaʒ.ʁa/ |
envisagera /ɑ̃.vi.zaʒ.ʁa/ |
envisagerons /ɑ̃.vi.zaʒ.ʁɔ̃/ |
envisagerez /ɑ̃.vi.zaʒ.ʁe/ |
envisageront /ɑ̃.vi.zaʒ.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | envisagerais /ɑ̃.vi.zaʒ.ʁɛ/ |
envisagerais /ɑ̃.vi.zaʒ.ʁɛ/ |
envisagerait /ɑ̃.vi.zaʒ.ʁɛ/ |
envisagerions /ɑ̃.vi.za.ʒə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
envisageriez /ɑ̃.vi.za.ʒə.ʁje/ |
envisageraient /ɑ̃.vi.zaʒ.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | envisage /ɑ̃.vi.zaʒ/ |
envisages /ɑ̃.vi.zaʒ/ |
envisage /ɑ̃.vi.zaʒ/ |
envisagions /ɑ̃.vi.za.ʒjɔ̃/ |
envisagiez /ɑ̃.vi.za.ʒje/ |
envisagent /ɑ̃.vi.zaʒ/ |
| imperfect2 | envisageasse /ɑ̃.vi.za.ʒas/ |
envisageasses /ɑ̃.vi.za.ʒas/ |
envisageât /ɑ̃.vi.za.ʒa/ |
envisageassions /ɑ̃.vi.za.ʒa.sjɔ̃/ |
envisageassiez /ɑ̃.vi.za.ʒa.sje/ |
envisageassent /ɑ̃.vi.za.ʒas/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | envisage /ɑ̃.vi.zaʒ/ |
— | envisageons /ɑ̃.vi.za.ʒɔ̃/ |
envisagez /ɑ̃.vi.za.ʒe/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Derived terms
Further reading
- “envisager”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Anagrams
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