egon
See also: Egon and egón
Basque
Pronunciation
Audio (file) - IPA(key): /eɡon/, [e̞.ɣ̞õ̞n]
Verb
egon da/zaio (imperfect participle egoten, future participle egongo or egonen, short form egon, verbal noun egote)
- (da) to be, exist
- (zaio) to correspond
- (Northern, da) to stay, to dwell
- Synonyms: ostatatu, gelditu, ostatu hartu
- 1571, Joanes Leizarraga, editor, Iesus Christ Gure Iaunaren Testamentu Berria, La Rochelle, Ioann 1:38:
- Eta itzuliric Ieſuſec, eta ikuſſiric hec çarreitzala, dioſte hæy, Ceren bilha çabiltzate? Eta hec erran cieçoten, Rabbi (erran nahi baita hambat nola Magiſtrua) non egoiten aiz? [Original spelling]
Eta itzulirik Jesusek, eta ikusirik hek zarreitzala, dioste haei, Zeren bilha zabiltzate? Eta hek erran ziezoten, Rabbi (erran nahi baita hanbat nola Majistrua) non egoten haiz? [Modernized spelling]- Then Jesus turned, and saw them following, and saith unto them, What seek ye? They said unto him, Rabbi, (which is to say, being interpreted, Master) where dwellest thou? – KJV
Usage notes
- Southern Basque (like Spanish) has two different verbs that are usually translated to English as “to be”; izan and egon. The former is used to express a quality of something, while the latter is used to express a state (e.g. location). For example:
- Mahaia handia da. ― The table is big. (using izan because this is an inherent quality of the table)
- Mahaia zikina dago. ― The table is dirty. (using egon because this is an temporary state the table is in)
- Iñaki Donostiakoa da. ― Iñaki is from San Sebastián. (using izan because it is an immutable quality of Iñaki)
- Iñaki Donostian dago. ― Iñaki is in San Sebastián. (using egon because it is describing Iñaki's location)
- Northern Basque does not have this distinction, and egon translates to "to stay" instead, making the last sentence mean "Iñaki is staying in San Sebastián".
Conjugation
egon ― NOR paradigm
Mood / Tense | NOR (absolutive) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st sg | 2nd sg inf. | 3rd sg | 1st pl | 2nd sg | 2nd pl | 3rd pl | ||
ni | hi | hura | gu | zu | zuek | haiek | ||
indicative | present | nago | hago | dago | gaude | zaude | zaudete | daude |
past | nengoen | hengoen | zegoen | geunden | zeunden | zeundeten | zeuden | |
conditional | banengo | bahengo | balego | bageunde | bazeunde | bazeundete | baleude | |
hypothetic cons. | nengoke | hengoke | legoke | geundeke | zeundeke | zeundekete | leudeke | |
past cons. | nengokeen | hengokeen | zegokeen | geundekeen | zeundekeen | zeundeketen | zeudekeen | |
potential | present | nagoke | hagoke | dagoke | gaudeke | zaudeke | zaudekete | daudeke |
hypothetic | same as indicative hypothetic consequence | |||||||
past | same as indicative past consequence | |||||||
subjunctive1 | present | nagoen | hagoen | dagoen | gauden | zauden | zaudeten | dauden |
past | same as indicative past | |||||||
imperative | present | — | hago | bego | — | zaude | zaudete | beude |
1. Archaic or literary. |
egon ― NOR-NORI paradigm
Mood / Tense | NOR (absolutive) | NORI (dative) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st sg | 2nd sg informal | 3rd sg | 1st pl | 2nd sg neuter | 2nd pl | 3rd pl | ||||
ni | hi | hura | gu | zu | zuek | haiek | ||||
indicative | present | ― |
hagokit | dagokit | ― |
zagozkit | zagozkidate | dagozkit | niri | 1st sg |
nagokik (m); nagokin (f) |
― |
dagokik (m); dagokin (f) |
gagozkik (m); gagozkin (f) |
― |
― |
dagozkik (m); dagozkin (f) |
hiri | 2nd sg inf | ||
nagokio | hagokio | dagokio | gagozkio | zagozkio | zagozkiote | dagozkio | hari | 3rd sg | ||
― |
hagokigu | dagokigu | ― |
zagozkigu | zagozkigute | dagozkigu | guri | 1st pl | ||
nagokizu | ― |
dagokizu | gagozkizu | ― |
― |
dagozkizu | zuri | 2nd sg for | ||
nagokizue | ― |
dagokizue | gagozkizue | ― |
― |
dagozkizue | zuei | 2nd pl | ||
nagokie | hagokie | dagokie | gagozkie | zagozkie | zagozkiete | dagozkie | haiei | 3rd pl | ||
past | ― |
hengokidan | zegokidan | ― |
zengozkidan | zengozkidaten | zegozkidan | niri | 1st sg | |
nengokian (m); nengokinan (f) |
― |
zegokian (m); zegokinan (f) |
gengozkian (m); gengozkinan (f) |
― |
― |
zegozkian (m); zegozkinan (f) |
hiri | 2nd sg inf | ||
nengokion | hengokion | zegokion | gengozkion | zengozkion | zengozkioten | zegozkion | hari | 3rd sg | ||
― |
hengokigun | zegokigun | ― |
zengozkigun | zengozkiguten | zegozkigun | guri | 1st pl | ||
nengokizun | ― |
zegokizun | gengozkizun | ― |
― |
zegozkizun | zuri | 2nd sg for | ||
nengokizuen | ― |
zegokizuen | gengozkizuen | ― |
― |
zegozkizuen | zuei | 2nd pl | ||
nengokien | hengokien | zegokien | gengozkien | zengozkien | zengozkieten | zegozkien | haiei | 3rd pl | ||
hypothetic | ― |
bahengokit | balegokit | ― |
bazengozkit | bazengozkidate | balegozkit | niri | 1st sg | |
banengokik (m); banengokin (f) |
― |
balegokik (m); balegokin (f) |
bagengozkik (m); bagengozkin (f) |
― |
― |
balegozkik (m); balegozkin (f) |
hiri | 2nd sg inf | ||
banengokio | bahengokio | balegokio | bagengozkio | bazengozkio | bazengozkiote | balegozkio | hari | 3rd sg | ||
― |
bahengokigu | balegokigu | ― |
bazengozkigu | bazengozkigute | balegozkigu | guri | 1st pl | ||
banengokizu | ― |
balegokizu | bagengozkizu | ― |
― |
balegozkizu | zuri | 2nd sg for | ||
banengokizue | ― |
balegokizue | bagengozkizue | ― |
― |
balegozkizue | zuei | 2nd pl | ||
banengokie | bahengokie | balegokie | bagengozkie | bazengozkie | bazengozkiete | balegozkie | haiei | 3rd pl | ||
potential | present | ― |
hagokidake | dagokidake | ― |
zagozkidake | zagozkidakete | dagozkidake | niri | 1st sg |
nagokiake (m); nagokinake (f) |
― |
dagokiake (m); dagokinake (f) |
gagozkiake (m); gagozkinake (f) |
― |
― |
dagozkiake (m); dagozkinake (f) |
hiri | 2nd sg inf | ||
nagokioke | hagokioke | dagokioke | gagozkioke | zagozkioke | zagozkiokete | dagozkioke | hari | 3rd sg | ||
― |
hagokiguke | dagokiguke | ― |
zagozkiguke | zagozkigukete | dagozkiguke | guri | 1st pl | ||
nagokizuke | ― |
dagokizuke | gagozkizuke | ― |
― |
dagozkizuke | zuri | 2nd sg for | ||
nagokizueke | ― |
dagokizueke | gagozkizueke | ― |
― |
dagozkizueke | zuei | 2nd pl | ||
nagokieke | hagokieke | dagokieke | gagozkieke | zagozkieke | zagozkiekete | dagozkieke | haiei | 3rd pl | ||
past | ― |
hengokidakeen | zegokidakeen | ― |
zengozkidakeen | zengozkidaketen | zegozkidakeen | niri | 1st sg | |
nengokian (m); nengokinan (f) |
― |
zegokian (m); zegokinan (f) |
gengozkian (m); gengozkinan (f) |
― |
― |
zegozkian (m); zegozkinan (f) |
hiri | 2nd sg inf | ||
nengokiokeen | hengokiokeen | zegokiokeen | gengozkiokeen | zengozkiokeen | zengozkioketen | zegozkiokeen | hari | 3rd sg | ||
― |
hengokigukeen | zegokigukeen | ― |
zengozkigukeen | zengozkiguketen | zegozkigukeen | guri | 1st pl | ||
nengokizukeen | ― |
zegokizukeen | gengozkizukeen | ― |
― |
zegozkizukeen | zuri | 2nd sg for | ||
nengokizuekeen | ― |
zegokizuekeen | gengozkizuekeen | ― |
― |
zegozkizuekeen | zuei | 2nd pl | ||
nengokiekeen | hengokiekeen | zegokiekeen | gengozkiekeen | zengozkiekeen | zengozkieketen | zegozkiekeen | haiei | 3rd pl | ||
hypothetic | ― |
hengokidake | legokidake | ― |
zengozkidake | zengozkidakete | legozkidake | niri | 1st sg | |
nengokiake (m); nengokinake (f) |
― |
legokiake (m); legokinake (f) |
gengozkiake (m); gengozkinake (f) |
― |
― |
legozkiake (m); legozkinake (f) |
hiri | 2nd sg inf | ||
nengokioke | hengokioke | legokioke | gengozkioke | zengozkioke | zengozkiokete | legozkioke | hari | 3rd sg | ||
― |
hengokiguke | legokiguke | ― |
zengozkiguke | zengozkigukete | legozkiguke | guri | 1st pl | ||
nengokizuke | ― |
legokizuke | gengozkizuke | ― |
― |
legozkizuke | zuri | 2nd sg for | ||
nengokizueke | ― |
legokizueke | gengozkizueke | ― |
― |
legozkizueke | zuei | 2nd pl | ||
nengokieke | hengokieke | legokieke | gengozkieke | zengozkieke | zengozkiekete | legozkieke | haiei | 3rd pl | ||
imperative | present | ― |
hagokit | begokit | ― |
zagozkit | zagozkidate | begozkit | niri | 1st sg |
nagokian (m); nagokinan (f) |
― |
begokik (m); begokin (f) |
gagozkian (m); gagozkinan (f) |
― |
― |
begozkik (m); begozkin (f) |
hiri | 2nd sg inf | ||
nagokion | hagokio | begokio | gagozkion | zagozkio | zagozkiote | begozkio | hari | 3rd sg | ||
― |
hagokigu | begokigu | ― |
zagozkigu | zagozkigute | begozkigu | guri | 1st pl | ||
nagokizun | ― |
begokizu | gagozkizun | ― |
― |
begozkizu | zuri | 2nd sg for | ||
nagokizuen | ― |
begokizue | gagozkizuen | ― |
― |
begozkizue | zuei | 2nd pl | ||
nagokien | hagokie | begokie | gagozkien | zagozkie | zagozkiete | begozkie | haiei | 3rd pl |
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