edun

• IPA^(key): /edun/, [e̞.ð̞ũn]

The stem -(d)u- forms the basis of the indicative forms. This stem also appears in the dialectal participle eduki. A verbal noun edutzea is attested from the fifteenth century, derived from either eduki or *edun. The potential and imperative forms are built on the stem -za- which becomes -tza- after a prefix ending in n.

*edun

1. (auxiliary, transitive) to have

   Synonyms: eduki, ukan

   Diru asko du. ― He has a lot of money.

2. (auxiliary, transitive) used with transitive (nor nork) verbs

   Ikusi nahi zintudan ― I wanted to see you.

   Irakurri zuen ― He read it.

• Light verb constructions with egin usually take auxiliaries of this class, even when translated by intransitive verbs.

Elurra egin du. ― It's snowed.

Lo egiten dute. ― They're sleeping.

• Northern dialects use the participle ukan for these forms.

Txakurra ikusi nahi ukan dut. ― I wanted to see the dog.

Diru asko ukango du. ― He will have a lot of money.

• Southern dialects use the participle eduki for this verb in the sense "to have". As an auxiliary, the participle izan is used instead.

Txakurra ikusi nahi izan dut. ― I wanted to see the dog.

Diru asko edukiko du. ― He will have a lot of money.

• Basque grammarians usually refer to this, along with the nor nori nork auxiliary, by the northern citation form ukan or by the reconstructed participle form *edun; as separative verb from the intransitive forms of izan.

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

The stem is -i- in the indicative, and -ieza- in the potential and imperative. As in the nor-nori izan paradigm, forms with plural nor (absolutive) agreement are suffixed with -zki-. This marker is attached directly to the stem and precedes other agreement suffixes.

*edun

1. (auxiliary, transitive, with dative agreement) used with transitive verbs that take a dative argument (nor nori nork)

   Eman nion. ― I gave it to her.

   Eman nizkion. ― I gave them to her.

   Irakurri zidan. ― He read it to me.

• The dative argument frequently corresponds to an indirect object in English, but often indicates the possessor of the direct object (nor argument) of the verb, usually expressed as a possessive in English.
• Basque verbs of this class can only take third person direct objects (nor, or absolutive, arguments).

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

• “*edun” in Etymological Dictionary of Basque by R. L. Trask, sussex.ac.uk
• A Brief Grammar of Euskara, p. 89, Itziar Laka, 1996, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea
• “Aditz Laguntzaile Batua”, in euskaltzaindia.eus‎ (in Basque), Euskaltzaindia, 1973 August 10

edun

1. genitive singular of etu