dywʾn'
Middle Persian
Alternative forms
Inscriptional Pahlavi:
- 𐭣𐭯𐭩𐭥𐭠𐭭 (dpywʾn', “dēwān”), 𐭣𐭩𐭥𐭠𐭭 (dywʾn', “dēwān”)
- 𐫅𐫏𐫇𐫀𐫗 (dywʾn) — Manichaean
Etymology
From earlier *diβi-vān, from the adjective *dipi-vān- (“relating to documents”), from Old Persian *dipi-vahanam (“document house”), composed from 𐎮𐎡𐎱𐎡 (di-i-p-i /dipi-/, “inscription; document”) (from Elamite, from Akkadian 𒁾𒁍𒌝 (ṭuppum, “tablet, document, letter”), from Sumerian 𒁾 (dub, “clay tablet”), and *vahana- (“house”) (whence also Persian جا (jâ, “place”)), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wes- (“to dwell”). For the first component, compare Middle Persian 𐭣𐭯𐭩𐭥𐭥 (dpywr /dibīr/) / dpyr' / dpywr' (dibīr, “scribe”), from Old Persian *dipī-var-.
For the reading, compare Old Armenian դիւան (diwan). The forms with ē (as opposed to ī) in Persian may have been a secondary pronunciation developed due to folk etymologies; see de Blois for more.
Descendants
- Persian: دیوان (divân, dêvân)
- → Arabic: ديوان (dīwān)
- → Azerbaijani: divan
- → Bengali: দেওয়ান (deōẇan)
- → Georgian: დივანი (divani), მდივანი (mdivani)
- → Hindi: दीवान (dīvān)
- → Malay: dewan
- Indonesian: dewan
- → Ottoman Turkish: دیوان (dîvân)
- Turkish: divan
- → Azerbaijani: divan
- → Czech: divan
- → French: divan
- → Greek: διβάνι (diváni), ντιβάνι (ntiváni)
- → Hungarian: díván
- → Italian: divano, diwan
- → Middle Armenian: տիւան (tiwan)
- Armenian: դիվան (divan)
- → Polish: dywan
- → Romanian: divan
- → Russian: дива́н (diván)
- → Serbo-Croatian:
- → Bulgarian: дива̀н (divàn)
- → Spanish: diván
- → Urdu: دیوان (dīvān)
- → Zazaki: diwan
- → Old Armenian: դիւան (diwan)
- Armenian: դիվան (divan)
- → Old Georgian: დივანი (divani)
- Georgian: დივანი (divani)
References
- MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) “dēwān”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 26
- de Blois, François (December 15, 1995) “DĪVĀN i. THE TERM”, in Encyclopædia Iranica, online edition, New York