dyfarnu

Welsh

Etymology

From earlier difarnu (“to condemn, to convict”), from di- (intensifying prefix) +‎ barnu (“to adjudge”).

Pronunciation

Verb

dyfarnu (first-person singular present dyfarnaf)

  1. (transitive) to adjudge, to adjudicate
  2. (transitive) to referee, to umpire

Conjugation
Conjugation (literary)
singular plural impersonal
first second third first second third
present indicative/future dyfarnaf dyferni dyfarna dyfarnwn dyfernwch, dyfarnwch dyfarnant dyfernir
imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/
conditional		 dyfarnwn dyfarnit dyfarnai dyfarnem dyfarnech dyfarnent dyfernid
preterite dyfernais dyfernaist dyfarnodd dyfarnasom dyfarnasoch dyfarnasant dyfarnwyd
pluperfect dyfarnaswn dyfarnasit dyfarnasai dyfarnasem dyfarnasech dyfarnasent dyfarnasid, dyfarnesid
present subjunctive dyfarnwyf dyfernych dyfarno dyfarnom dyfarnoch dyfarnont dyfarner
imperative — dyfarna dyfarned dyfarnwn dyfernwch, dyfarnwch dyfarnent dyfarner
verbal noun dyfarnu
verbal adjectives dyfarnedig
dyfarnadwy
Conjugation (colloquial)
Inflected colloquial forms singular plural
first second third first second third
future dyfarna i, dyfarnaf i dyfarni di dyfarnith o/e/hi, dyfarniff e/hi dyfarnwn ni dyfarnwch chi dyfarnan nhw
conditional dyfarnwn i, dyfarnswn i dyfarnet ti, dyfarnset ti dyfarnai fo/fe/hi, dyfarnsai fo/fe/hi dyfarnen ni, dyfarnsen ni dyfarnech chi, dyfarnsech chi dyfarnen nhw, dyfarnsen nhw
preterite dyfarnais i, dyfarnes i dyfarnaist ti, dyfarnest ti dyfarnodd o/e/hi dyfarnon ni dyfarnoch chi dyfarnon nhw
imperative — dyfarna — — dyfarnwch —
Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh.

Derived terms
  • dyfarndal (“award”)
  • dyfarniad (“adjudication, verdict”)
  • dyfarnwr (“referee, umpire”)

Mutation
Welsh mutation
radical soft nasal aspirate
dyfarnu ddyfarnu nyfarnu unchanged
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading
  • R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “dyfarnu”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
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