denarius
English
Pronunciation
- (UK, US)
- enPR: dĭ'när(ē)əs
- (US) IPA(key): /dɪˈnɑɹi.əs/
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /dɪˈnɑːɹɪ.əs/
- (UK, US)
- enPR: dĭ'nâr(ē)əs
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /dɪˈnɛəɹɪ.əs/
- (General American, Mary–marry–merry merger) IPA(key): /dɪˈnɛɹi.əs/
- (UK, General American, Mary–marry–merry distinction) IPA(key): /dɪˈnɛɚ.i.əs/
Noun
denarius (plural denarii or denariuses)
- (Ancient Rome, numismatics) A small silver coin issued both during the Roman Republic and during the Roman Empire, equal to 10 asses or 4 sesterces.
- 1966, James Workman, The Mad Emperor, Melbourne, Sydney: Scripts, page 146:
- "Sorry, I thought you were Aurel. He owes me a denarius. Have you seen him?"
- 2007, Philip Matyszak, Ancient Rome on 5 Denarii a Day (title of the book)[1]
Usage notes
- The usual plural is denarii, but denariuses is also well attested.
Translations
silver coin
|
References
Latin
Alternative forms
- dinārius (spelling found in the Lex Salica)
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /deːˈnaː.ri.us/, [d̪eːˈnäːriʊs̠]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /deˈna.ri.us/, [d̪eˈnäːrius]
Adjective
dēnārius (feminine dēnāria, neuter dēnārium); first/second-declension adjective
- Containing or consisting of ten things
- tenfold, denary
- 412 CE – 426 CE, Aurelius Augustinus Hipponensis, City of God 20.23 :
- Quid sī enim numerō istō dēnāriō ūniversitās rēgum significāta est, post quōs ille ventūrus est; sīcut mīllēnāriō, centēnāriō, septēnāriō significātur plērumque ūniversitās, et aliīs atque aliīs numerīs, quōs nunc commemorāre nōn est necesse?
- What if this 10 were to represent all of the kings—after whom he [the Antichrist] is to come—just as 1000, 100, and 7 (as well as other numbers that don't need to be remembered now) often represent totality?
- (literally, “What if through this tenfold number the totality of the kings is signified, after whom he is to come, just as through the thousandfold, hundredfold, and sevenfold [number] totality is oftentimes signified, and through other and other numbers that is not necessary to remember now?”)
- Quid sī enim numerō istō dēnāriō ūniversitās rēgum significāta est, post quōs ille ventūrus est; sīcut mīllēnāriō, centēnāriō, septēnāriō significātur plērumque ūniversitās, et aliīs atque aliīs numerīs, quōs nunc commemorāre nōn est necesse?
Declension
First/second-declension adjective.
Number | Singular | Plural | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Case / Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |
Nominative | dēnārius | dēnāria | dēnārium | dēnāriī | dēnāriae | dēnāria | |
Genitive | dēnāriī | dēnāriae | dēnāriī | dēnāriōrum | dēnāriārum | dēnāriōrum | |
Dative | dēnāriō | dēnāriō | dēnāriīs | ||||
Accusative | dēnārium | dēnāriam | dēnārium | dēnāriōs | dēnāriās | dēnāria | |
Ablative | dēnāriō | dēnāriā | dēnāriō | dēnāriīs | |||
Vocative | dēnārie | dēnāria | dēnārium | dēnāriī | dēnāriae | dēnāria |
Noun
Usage notes
The denarius was always valued at four sesterces. When the denarius was first introduced, the sestertius was valued at 2.5 asses, making a denarius 10 asses. The denarius and sestertius were later revalued to be 16 and 4 asses, respectively, maintaining the ratio of 4 sesterces to each denarius.
Declension
Second-declension noun.
Case | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative | dēnārius | dēnāriī |
Genitive | dēnāriī dēnārī1 |
dēnāriōrum |
Dative | dēnāriō | dēnāriīs |
Accusative | dēnārium | dēnāriōs |
Ablative | dēnāriō | dēnāriīs |
Vocative | dēnārie | dēnāriī |
1Found in older Latin (until the Augustan Age).
Related terms
- 𐆖 (the symbol for the denarius)
Descendants
- Italo-Romance:
- North Italian:
- Gallo-Romance:
- Ibero-Romance:
- >? Mirandese: denheiro
- Ancient borrowings:
Reflexes of an assumed variant *dīnārius (first vowel influenced by Byzantine Greek δηνάριον /diˈnarion/)[1]
- North Italian
- Gallo-Romance:
- Catalan: diner
- Gascon: dinèr
- Occitan: dinièr (Languedoc)
- Ibero-Romance:
Modern borrowings:
- → Aragonese: denario
- → Asturian: denariu
- → Catalan: denari
- → English: denarius
- → Esperanto: denaro
- → French: dénaire
- → Galician: denario
- → German: Denar
- → Italian: denario
- → Middle English: denarie
- English: denary
- → Polish: denar
- → Portuguese: denário
- → Romanian: denar
- → Slovene: denar
- → Spanish: denario
References
- Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “denarius”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volumes 3: D–F, page 39
- Joan Coromines, José A. Pascual (1984) “dinero”, in Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico (in Spanish), volumes II (Ce–F), Madrid: Gredos, →ISBN, page 497
Further reading
- “denarius”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “denarius”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- denarius in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
- denarius in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
- Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book, London: Macmillan and Co.
- corn had gone up to 50 denarii the bushel: ad denarios L in singulos modios annona pervenerat
- corn had gone up to 50 denarii the bushel: ad denarios L in singulos modios annona pervenerat
- “denarius”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “denarius”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin
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