dér
Hungarian
Etymology
Of unknown origin.[1]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈdeːr]
Audio (file) - Rhymes: -eːr
Declension
| Inflection (stem in -e-, front unrounded harmony) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | dér | derek |
| accusative | deret | dereket |
| dative | dérnek | dereknek |
| instrumental | dérrel | derekkel |
| causal-final | dérért | derekért |
| translative | dérré | derekké |
| terminative | dérig | derekig |
| essive-formal | dérként | derekként |
| essive-modal | — | — |
| inessive | dérben | derekben |
| superessive | déren | dereken |
| adessive | dérnél | dereknél |
| illative | dérbe | derekbe |
| sublative | dérre | derekre |
| allative | dérhez | derekhez |
| elative | dérből | derekből |
| delative | dérről | derekről |
| ablative | dértől | derektől |
| non-attributive possessive - singular |
déré | dereké |
| non-attributive possessive - plural |
déréi | derekéi |
| Possessive forms of dér | ||
|---|---|---|
| possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
| 1st person sing. | derem | dereim |
| 2nd person sing. | dered | dereid |
| 3rd person sing. | dere | derei |
| 1st person plural | derünk | dereink |
| 2nd person plural | deretek | dereitek |
| 3rd person plural | derük | dereik |
Derived terms
See also
References
- dér in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)
Further reading
- dér in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
- dér in Ittzés, Nóra (ed.). A magyar nyelv nagyszótára (‘A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published A–ez as of 2024)
Old Irish
Alternative forms
- dǽr (Milan glosses)
Etymology
From Proto-Celtic *dakrom, from Proto-Indo-European *dáḱru. Celtic cognates include Welsh deigryn and Cornish dager. More distant Indo-European relatives include Old Norse tár, Old Armenian արտասուք (artasukʻ), Ancient Greek δάκρυ (dákru), and Latin lacrima.[1]
Noun
dér n (nominative plural dér)
- tear, teardrop (from the eyes)
- c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 23a13
- .i. robtar lugu na dǽr quam ad·fiadatar.
- i.e. the tears were fewer than are related.
- c. 815-840, “The Monastery of Tallaght”, in Edward J. Gwynn, Walter J. Purton, transl., Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy, volume 29, Royal Irish Academy, published 1911-1912, paragraph 66, pages 115-179:
- Níco[n]·tald-som iarum dér dia gruad statim co·tánic dochum Findio.
- Immediately thereafter, he did not wipe the tear from his cheek until he came to Findio.
- c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 23a13
Inflection
| Neuter o-stem | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | dérN | dérN | dérL, déra |
| Vocative | dérN | dérN | dérL, déra |
| Accusative | dérN | dérN | dérL, déra |
| Genitive | déirL | dér | dérN |
| Dative | dérL | déraib | déraib |
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
| |||
Mutation
| Old Irish mutation | ||
|---|---|---|
| Radical | Lenition | Nasalization |
| dér | dér pronounced with /ð(ʲ)-/ |
ndér |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | ||
References
- Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*dakro-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 87
Further reading
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “dér”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
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