cyflafareddu
Welsh
Etymology
From cyflafaredd + -u.
Pronunciation
- (North Wales) IPA(key): /ˌkəvlavaˈrɛðɨ/
- (South Wales) IPA(key): /ˌkəvlavaˈreːði/, /ˌkəvlavaˈrɛði/
Verb
cyflafareddu (first-person singular present cyflafareddaf)
Conjugation
Conjugation (literary)
| singular | plural | impersonal | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |||
| present indicative/future | cyflafareddaf | cyflafareddi | cyflafaredda | cyflafareddwn | cyflafareddwch | cyflafareddant | cyflafareddir | |
| imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/ conditional |
cyflafareddwn | cyflafareddit | cyflafareddai | cyflafareddem | cyflafareddech | cyflafareddent | cyflafareddid | |
| preterite | cyflafareddais | cyflafareddaist | cyflafareddodd | cyflafareddasom | cyflafareddasoch | cyflafareddasant | cyflafareddwyd | |
| pluperfect | cyflafareddaswn | cyflafareddasit | cyflafareddasai | cyflafareddasem | cyflafareddasech | cyflafareddasent | cyflafareddasid, cyflafareddesid | |
| present subjunctive | cyflafareddwyf | cyflafareddych | cyflafareddo | cyflafareddom | cyflafareddoch | cyflafareddont | cyflafaredder | |
| imperative | — | cyflafaredda | cyflafaredded | cyflafareddwn | cyflafareddwch | cyflafareddent | cyflafaredder | |
| verbal noun | cyflafareddu | |||||||
| verbal adjectives | cyflafareddedig cyflafareddadwy | |||||||
Conjugation (colloquial)
| Inflected colloquial forms | singular | plural | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |
| future | cyflafaredda i, cyflafareddaf i | cyflafareddi di | cyflafareddith o/e/hi, cyflafareddiff e/hi | cyflafareddwn ni | cyflafareddwch chi | cyflafareddan nhw |
| conditional | cyflafareddwn i, cyflafareddswn i | cyflafareddet ti, cyflafareddset ti | cyflafareddai fo/fe/hi, cyflafareddsai fo/fe/hi | cyflafaredden ni, cyflafareddsen ni | cyflafareddech chi, cyflafareddsech chi | cyflafaredden nhw, cyflafareddsen nhw |
| preterite | cyflafareddais i, cyflafareddes i | cyflafareddaist ti, cyflafareddest ti | cyflafareddodd o/e/hi | cyflafareddon ni | cyflafareddoch chi | cyflafareddon nhw |
| imperative | — | cyflafaredda | — | — | cyflafareddwch | — |
| Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh. | ||||||
Derived terms
- cyflafareddiad (“arbitration”)
- cyflafareddwr (“arbitrator”)
Mutation
| Welsh mutation | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| radical | soft | nasal | aspirate |
| cyflafareddu | gyflafareddu | nghyflafareddu | chyflafareddu |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | |||
Further reading
- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “cyflafareddu”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
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