cineál

See also: cineal

Irish

Alternative forms
  • cinéal, cineul (archaic)

Etymology

From Old Irish cenél (“race, kindred, kind, type”) (compare Scottish Gaelic cineal, Welsh cenedl (“race, nation”)), from Proto-Celtic *kenetlom (“family”).[1]

Pronunciation
  • (Munster) IPA(key): /cɪˈnʲɑːl̪ˠ/[2]
  • (Connacht) IPA(key): /ˈcɪnˠɑːlˠ/ (as if spelled cionál)
  • (Ulster) IPA(key): /ˈcɨ̞nʲalˠ/; /ˈcɨ̞nˠalˠ/[3] (as if spelled cionál)

Noun

cineál m (genitive singular cineáil, nominative plural cineálacha)

  1. sort, kind, type
    Synonyms: saghas, sórt, comhchineál
  2. sex, gender
    Synonyms: gnéas, inscne
  3. (biology) variety
  4. (agriculture) variety, strain
    Synonyms: pór, tréithchineál
  5. nature (of materials)
    Synonym: nádúr
  6. form
    Synonym: foirm

Declension
Declension of cineál

First declension

Bare forms:

Case Singular Plural
Nominative cineál cineálacha
Vocative a chineáil a chineálacha
Genitive cineáil cineálacha
Dative cineál cineálacha

Forms with the definite article:

Case Singular Plural
Nominative an cineál na cineálacha
Genitive an chineáil na gcineálacha
Dative leis an gcineál

don chineál

 leis na cineálacha

Derived terms

Adverb

cineál

  1. kind of, sort of
    Synonym: saghas
    • 1988, Mícheál Ó Siadhail, Learning Irish: An Introductory Self-Tutor, New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press, →ISBN, page 34:
      Tá an cat cineál dall anois ach tá sé glic go leor mar sin féin.
      The cat is kind of blind now, but he’s clever enough all the same.

Mutation
Irish mutation
Radical Lenition Eclipsis
cineál chineál gcineál
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References
  1. G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “cenél”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
  2. Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931) Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, page 78
  3. Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, page 39

Further reading
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