ciar
Irish
Etymology
From Old Irish cíar (“dark”), from Proto-Celtic *kēros, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ḱeh₃i-, extension of *(s)ḱeh₃- (“grey, dark”). Further cognates are Old Novgorodian хѣрь (xěrĭ, “gray cloth”) and Old English hār (“grey-haired”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ciəɾˠ/
Adjective
ciar (genitive singular masculine céir, genitive singular feminine céire, plural ciara, comparative céire)
Declension
Singular | Plural (m/f) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Positive | Masculine | Feminine | (strong noun) | (weak noun) |
Nominative | ciar | chiar | ciara; chiara² | |
Vocative | chéir | ciara | ||
Genitive | céire | ciara | ciar | |
Dative | ciar; chiar¹ |
chiar; chéir (archaic) |
ciara; chiara² | |
Comparative | níos céire | |||
Superlative | is céire |
¹ When the preceding noun is lenited and governed by the definite article.
² When the preceding noun ends in a slender consonant.
Related terms
Mutation
Irish mutation | ||
---|---|---|
Radical | Lenition | Eclipsis |
ciar | chiar | gciar |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
Further reading
- Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “ciar”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
Latin
Scottish Gaelic
Etymology
From Old Irish cíar (“dark”), from Proto-Celtic *kēros, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ḱeh₃i-, extension of *(s)ḱeh₃- (“grey, dark”). Further cognates are Old Novgorodian хѣрь (xěrĭ, “gray cloth”) and Old English hār (“grey-haired”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /cʰiaɾ/
Related terms
- ciarag
Spanish
Etymology
Probably from Old Spanish cía (“thighbone”), referring to the use of this bone when rowing, from Latin scias, from Ancient Greek ἰσχιας (iskhias, “sciatic”), from ἰσχίον (iskhíon, “hip”).[1]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): (Spain) /ˈθjaɾ/ [ˈθjaɾ]
- IPA(key): (Latin America) /ˈsjaɾ/ [ˈsjaɾ]
- Rhymes: -aɾ
- Syllabification: ciar
Verb
ciar (first-person singular present cío, first-person singular preterite cie, past participle ciado)
- (intransitive) to back water
Conjugation
infinitive | ciar | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gerund | ciando | ||||||
past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
singular | ciado | ciada | |||||
plural | ciados | ciadas | |||||
singular | plural | ||||||
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
indicative | yo | tú vos |
él/ella/ello usted |
nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ellos/ellas ustedes | |
present | cío | cíastú ciasvos |
cía | ciamos | ciais | cían | |
imperfect | ciaba | ciabas | ciaba | ciábamos | ciabais | ciaban | |
preterite | cie | ciaste | cio | ciamos | ciasteis | ciaron | |
future | ciaré | ciarás | ciará | ciaremos | ciaréis | ciarán | |
conditional | ciaría | ciarías | ciaría | ciaríamos | ciaríais | ciarían | |
subjunctive | yo | tú vos |
él/ella/ello usted |
nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ellos/ellas ustedes | |
present | cíe | cíestú ciesvos2 |
cíe | ciemos | cieis | cíen | |
imperfect (ra) |
ciara | ciaras | ciara | ciáramos | ciarais | ciaran | |
imperfect (se) |
ciase | ciases | ciase | ciásemos | ciaseis | ciasen | |
future1 | ciare | ciares | ciare | ciáremos | ciareis | ciaren | |
imperative | — | tú vos |
usted | nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ustedes | |
affirmative | cíatú ciavos |
cíe | ciemos | ciad | cíen | ||
negative | no cíes | no cíe | no ciemos | no cieis | no cíen |
References
- Roberts, Edward A. (2014) A Comprehensive Etymological Dictionary of the Spanish Language with Families of Words based on Indo-European Roots, Xlibris Corporation, →ISBN
Further reading
- “ciar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014